By Paul Beynon-Davies (auth.)
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Extra resources for Information Systems Development: An Introduction to Information Systems Engineering
Example text
Data flows tlrrough operational to the administrative to the strategic levels and feeds the decision-making process at each level. 26 Information Systems Development Consider a food supermarket chain. At the operational level sales data is recorded at checkouts. This data allows administrative staff to record the amount of each type of product sold. In tum, a decision such as the amount of stock to reorder can be made. At the strategic level, the staff at headquarters can record nationally or perhaps internationally their sales performance in certain areas.
What determines the value or utility of information is clearly dependent on the particular perspective of some individual or group. The idea of determining the use-value of information is one approach to attempt to commoditise information. The use-value of some types of information as a commodity for social control has caused concern amongst civil liberties groups in many countries. Modem information technology permits organisations to collate together information from various sources to form profiles of individuals or groups.
The Stock Market can be conceived of as a vast information system concerned with the management of monetary relations between organisations. The very stuff of Stock Market activity is the management of exchange relations via information. The importance of environment in the 'health' of organisations has become a particularly important emphasis in ideas underlying strategic information systems (chapter 33). Strategic information systems are those information systems that have an effective part to play in improving the interface between an organisation and its environment.