By Erich Krell
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Extra info for Handbook of Laboratory Distillation With an Introduction to Pilot Plant Distillation
Example text
A,/, and/or agi2 a1i2 and and a? , we Vapour pressure-temperature relationship, p -t In order to assess a separation problem we need to know the vapour pressuretemperatiire relationship. By plotting the pressure of the saturated vapours against the temperature we may gain some idea of the pressure at which the separation appeam most promising; the abscissa is best drawn on a logarithmic or related scale (Fig. 39). The choice of the pressure depends on whether me wish to perform a ) an analytical distillation, h) a preparative distillation, c) a production distillation or (1) a distillation for comparison with a large-scale operation.
No detailed arguments supporting it need, therefore, he given here. I t may suffice to point out that it always pays to use standardized apparatus. In all countries there is a tendency to provide standard apparatus for the various separations to be carried out: it can then be mass-produced and hence is relatively cheap. Further, it is readily available and gives reproducible results. The W Fig. 5; e = Dimcot,hcondenser; f = vacuum adapter; g =shortnecked round-bottomed flask first step in this direction were taken when the well-known Engler and ASTM devices were designed.
These investigations were compleinented by an assessment of the influence of surface tension on binary liquid systems in distillation with total reflux [271] and of the separating efficiency of packings on the basis of wetting data obtained under conditions other than material exchange [272]. Jn process engineering the ratio of the effective surface area of the packing to the given total surface area is called the degree of wetting B,: B, = A x loo (%I, Aeff (19) where Arrf = wetted surface area, A = total surface area.