By Dunstan Abraham
Emergency drugs Sonography: Pocket advisor to Sonographic Anatomy and Pathology is a brief reference consultant that matches within the palm of your hand and is ideal for the medical emergency surroundings. This transportable source presents the pertinent info on appearing songraphic systems and analyzing sonographic photographs. full of top of the range sonographic pictures and written in a transparent concise variety, this is often a necessary source for physicians, health care provider assistants, nurse practitioners, and different future health execs.
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Additional info for Emergency Medicine Sonography: Pocket Guide to Sonographic Anatomy and Pathology
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Qxd 7/27/09 3:04 PM Page 47 DUNSTAN ABRAHAM Normal Sonographic Anatomy • Echogenic main lobar fissure leads to gallbladder fossa (Figure 3-1). • Anechoic gallbladder has three segments—neck, body, and fundus (Figure 3-2). • Common variants: ᭺ Phrygian cap—fold at fundus (Figure 3-3) ᭺ Hartman’s pouch—fold at neck (Figure 3-3) ᭺ Junctional fold—fold between body and neck ᭺ Septation—seen as a linear hyperechoic structure within gallbladder • Folds in gallbladder can mimic pathology (discussed later).
Qxd 7/27/09 3:03 PM Page 42 42 Chapter 2: The Liver LONG Figure 2-23 Focal nodular hyperplasia. This represents focal nodular hyperplasia. Liver Cell Adenoma • Hypoechoic, hyperechoic, isoechoic, or complex mass • Fluid component and intraperitoneal blood seen with hemorrhage • May mimic focal nodular hyperplasia Lipoma and Angiomyolipoma • Well-defined echogenic masses (Figure 2-24) • May mimic hemangiomas, liver metastasis, or focal fat infiltration Malignant Hepatic Neoplasms Hepatoma (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) and Metastasis • Hepatomas and metastasis may have a similar appearance.
Figure 3-5B In (B), multiple small gallstones are seen that cast an acoustic shadow (between arrows). qxd 7/27/09 3:04 PM Page 51 Gallbladder Pathology 51 B Figure 3-6 Mobility of gallstone. Longitudinal views of gallbladder with patient in supine position A and left lateral decubitus B. Note the movement of stone(s) to a more fundal position when patient’s position is changed. Bowel (B) is seen posterior to gallbladder. Figure 3-7A Wall-echo-shadow complex. Longitudinal A and transverse B images of the gallbladder filled with stones.