By Skvortsov A.K.
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Extra info for Willows of Russia. Joensuu
Example text
The willows are most widespread in northern Eurasia, northern North America, and in the mountains of China. 1 There is no doubt that bracts are modified leaves of the rachis. In some species (S. fragilis, S. capusii, and others), one can often observe gradual transition from normally developed leaves to bracts along the rachis. In the section Vetrix, one can find ear-shaped outgrowths at the base of the lowermost bracts: apparently, these correspond to stipules in normal leaves. In case a catkin proliferates, bracts develop back into leaves.
A revolute part of the leaf is usually rather callous-firm (due to the development of the marginal collenchyma). A flat margin may as well be callous, or otherwise thinned, as if it was sharpened (as in S. kirilowiana or S. niedzwieckii). See Fig. 6. In the majority of species, leaf margins are more or less dentate, with minute glands located on each denticle.
Usually, the lowermost branches of shrubs are obliquely ascending or semi-prostrate. They are often rooting, and that leads to expansion of a shrub. This is particularly typical of some wetland and tundra species. In extreme cases, the habit becomes creeping. However, in some alpine and arctic species, branches are just procumbent, but not rooting (or rooting very slowly). In the willows, there are no true brachyblasts, such as in the birches or balsam poplars. However, in some arctic and alpine species (particularly those without a pronounced rooting habit), one can distinguish two kinds of shoots.