By Shiri M. Breznitz
To illustrate her argument, Breznitz undertakes a comparative research of 2 universities, Yale and Cambridge, and the several results in their makes an attempt at expertise commercialization in biotech. through contrasting those universities—their certain rules, organizational constitution, institutional tradition, and placement inside exact nationwide polities—she makes a robust case for the concept know-how move relies on hugely variable old and environmental elements. Breznitz highlights key positive factors to weigh and have interaction in constructing destiny college and monetary improvement regulations which are tailored for his or her contexts.
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Extra info for The Fountain of Knowledge: The Role of Universities in Economic Development
Sample text
At universities, this refers to copyright of academic publications—that is, journals and books, and patents filed by the university for an invention that was the result of university research. Although definitions of IPR differ among universities given each institution’s history, culture, and technology-transfer organization, one way to view IPR policies is through inventions ownership. At one extreme, all the universities’ inventions are owned by the universities; at the other extreme, ownership depends on the funding source for the research project (Siegal and Phan 2005).
The learning process occurs through local institutions such as universities. According to innovations systems theory, some regions possess a particular infrastructure that allows them to achieve maximum regional learning. The learning and knowledge creation process is accomplished through a set of institutions that promote knowledge creation and learning by the local firms. There is a base of trust and understanding among firms, institutions, and individuals that differs from region to region and allows some regions to perform in a way that promotes their economic development.
Examining the reasons behind the licensing activities of faculty and researchers, Link and Siegel (2005) found that full and associate professors, being already tenured in most universities, do most of the invention disclosures and patenting. Accordingly, Link and Siegel claim that the creation of policies that will encourage and protect junior faculty will increase universities’ patents and licenses. When we examine both the University of Cambridge and Yale University in light of these theories, we find that indeed Cambridge provides a higher percentage of royalties to inventors, thus promoting licenses over spin-outs, whereas Yale provides a lower share of royalties, which promotes the creation of companies.