By Kypros H. Nicolaides, G. Rizzo
This entire scientific textbook on Doppler evaluate of placental and fetal move presents the basis wanted for the theoretical section of the certificates of Competence in placental and fetal Doppler provided by way of the overseas Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology and the overseas Society of Perinatal medication. Following introductory chapters on Doppler ultrasound ideas, perform, security and technique, the publication covers Doppler reviews within the complete variety of parts appropriate to placental and fetal circulation.
Key features:
*Explains Doppler overview of placental and fetal circulation
*Provides the root of studying for a certificates of competence in placental and fetal Doppler
*Contains introductory fabric on Doppler ultrasound ideas, perform, safeguard and strategies comprises bibliographic references and index
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Extra info for Placental and fetal doppler
Example text
Eds. Issues and recommendations regarding thermal mechanisms for biological effects of ultrasound. In WFUMB Symposium on Safety and Standardization in Medical Ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 1992;18, special issue 18. European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Guidelines for the safe use of Doppler ultrasound for clinical applications. Report from the European Committee for Ultrasound Radiation Safety. Eur J Ultrasound 1995;2:167–8 19. European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology.
5°C may be used without reservation on thermal grounds. 5 should not be used routinely and, if required for specific diagnostic information, should be used for the minimum time necessary. The influence of higher intensity levels can be moderated by moving the transducer so that specific areas of tissue are not subjected to long periods of higher intensity investigation. ● Do not scan for longer than is necessary to obtain the diagnostic information. vp 18 August 2004 14:07:43 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen SAFETY OF DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IN FETAL SCANNING SELECTED WFUMB STATEMENTS ON THE SAFETY OF DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND B-mode imaging (issued 1992) Known diagnostic ultrasound equipment as used today for simple B-mode imaging operates at acoustic outputs that are not capable of producing harmful temperature rises.
Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound. Carnforth, UK: Parthenon Publishing, 1998:87–98 8. Dalecki D, Child SZ, Raeman CH, Penney DP, Mayer R, Cox C, Carstensen EL. Thresholds for fetal haemorrhages produced by a piezoelectric lithotripter. Ultrasound Med Biol 1997;23:287–97 9. Bosward KL, Barnett SB, Wood AKW, Edwards MJ, Kossoff G. Heating of the guinea pig fetal brain during exposure to pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 1993;19:415–24 10. Duggan PM, Liggins GC, Barnett SB. Ultrasonic heating of the brain of the fetal sheep in utero.