By Martin Beniston
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Additional resources for Mountain Timberlines
Example text
Table 3). 1). Anthropogenic timberlines may be abrupt, as can be particularly observed, for example, in many tropical mountains, where the high-elevation grasslands and forests are regularly burned (cf. 4). In other regions, the uppermost forests became open and over-aged due to over-utilization as in the European Alps, for example. However, a general characteristic that would be common to all anthropogenic timberlines does not exist. , 2007; Wieser and Tausz, 2007). The present author, however, prefers the terms ‘upper timberline’ or ‘altitudinal timberline’ to ‘alpine timberline’, because the word ‘alpine’ does not meet the environmental conditions in the tropical high mountains.
Ellenberg). 400 m. Troll considers Polylepis to be the old-world equivalent to Hagenia abyssinica. According to Hueck (1966) Polylepis shrub resembles European krummholz (Pinus mugo and Alnus viridis) in many respects. Some other wooden species are admixed to the Polylepis groves, for example representatives of the genera Gynoxis, Hesperomeles and Escallonia. Gynoxis and Polylepis are considered the highest climbing trunk-forming wooden plants at all (Baumann, 1988). Physiognomic and Ecological Differentiation of Timberline 45 Photo 21.
The habitus of Alnus Photo 17 . Birches (Betula pubescens ) in an avalanche chute on the east-facing slope of the Lüsenzer Valley (Tyrol, Austria). -K. Holtmeier, 24 April 1981. Photo 18. 920 m. -K. Holtmeier, 22 April 1981. 40 Mountain Timberlines kamtchatika is the same as displayed by the other krummholz alders. The height of the alders decreases from about 3 to 4 m in the lower part of the krummholz zone to less than a few decametres at its upper limit where they grow mat-like close to the ground.