By W. Elenbaas (eds.)
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Sample text
Instead of the absorption the reflectance ( = 1 -absorption) has been plotted. Many substances continue to emit light after excitation has been stopped. The theoretical background is that the excited atoms gradually return to the ground state. In consequence, the intensity of the light gradually decreases as more and more of the atoms have returned to the ground state. The time in which this happens (the decay time) may vary from w-s s to several hours. For materials having such a long afterglow the return to the ground state is indirect.
The method of suspending the lamp- either naked or enclosed in a luminaire- also affects the distribution of the energy loss by the tube wall over radiation and conduction plus convection. Fig. 1 demonstrates clearly why the fluorescent lamp is so satisfactory from the point of view of the radiation of heat; of the 100 W consumed by the lamp, about 25 + 30 = 55 W takes the form of radiation. e. approximately 0·006 5 radiated watt per lumen. - Conversion at the wall 8500/m Fig. 1 Diagram representing schematically the conversion of energy in a fluorescent lamp.
This together with an exceptionally good temperature-dependence, makes them also attractive for use in high pressure mercury lamps, which are rich in long wavelength ultra-violet. Whereas the other phosphors are white in appearance in daylight, magnesium arsenate and germanate are yellowish, due to a weak absorption of the deep blue radiation. Since this adsorbed blue radiation is converted into red light, this opens an attractive possibility for ~ j 100 ~ i 50 400 500 600 800 -;\(nm) Fig. 4. Spectral energy distribution of magnesium arsenate: manganese (a) and of strontium magnesium orthophosphate: tin (b).