By Susan Oyama
The nature/nurture debate isn't lifeless. Dichotomous perspectives of improvement nonetheless underlie many primary debates within the organic and social sciences. Developmental structures concept (DST) bargains a brand new conceptual framework with which to unravel such debates. DST perspectives ontogeny as contingent cycles of interplay between a different set of developmental assets, not anyone of which controls the method. those components contain DNA, mobile and organismic constitution, and social and ecological interactions. DST has excited curiosity from quite a lot of researchers, from molecular biologists to anthropologists, due to its skill to combine evolutionary concept and different disciplines with out falling into conventional oppositions. The booklet presents ancient heritage to DST, contemporary theoretical findings at the mechanisms of heredity, functions of the DST framework to behavioral improvement, implications of DST for the philosophy of biology, and significant reactions to DST.
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Additional resources for Cycles of Contingency: Developmental Systems and Evolution
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Lehrman, and J. S. ), Development and Evolution of Behavior, pp. 17–50. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Lorenz, K. Z. (1937). Über die Bildung des Instinktbegriffes. Naturwissenschaften 25: 289–300, 307–318, 324–331. [Translated as Lorenz (1957). The nature of instinct. In C. H. ), Instinctive Behavior: Development of a Modern Concept, pp. 129–175. ] Lorenz, K. Z. (1950). The comparative method in studying innate behaviour patterns. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 4: 221–268. Lorenz, K.
Shall we change the name of the mutation from “dwarf” to “pituitary dysfunction” and say that dwarfism is not inherited as such—that what is inherited is a hypoactive pituitary gland? This would merely push the problem back to an earlier stage of development. ” However, the pituitary function developed, in turn, in the context of the mouse as it was when the gland was developing. The problem is: What was that context and how did the gland develop out of it? What, then, is inherited? From a somewhat similar argument, Jennings (1930) and Chein (1936) concluded that only the zygote is inherited, or that heredity is only a stage of development.
The example of the nest-building and retrieving by rats which are isolated from other rats but not from their food pellets or from their own genitalia illustrates the danger of assuming “innateness” merely because a particular hypothesis about learning seems to be disproved. This is what is consistently done by Tinbergen, as, for 29 example, when he says (1942) of certain behavior patterns of the three-spined stickleback: “The releasing mechanisms of these reactions are all innate. A male that was reared in isolation .