By Reinhard Wilhelm, Helmut Seidl
Whereas compilers for high-level programming languages are huge advanced software program platforms, they've got specific features that differentiate them from different software program platforms. Their performance is sort of thoroughly well-defined – preferably there exist whole particular descriptions of the resource and aim languages, whereas extra descriptions of the interfaces to the working approach, programming method and programming atmosphere, and to different compilers and libraries are usually to be had. The implementation of program structures at once in laptop language is either tricky and error-prone, resulting in courses that develop into out of date as quick because the desktops for which they have been built. With the improvement of higher-level machine-independent programming languages got here the necessity to supply compilers that have been in a position to translate courses into computing device language. Given this easy problem, the several subtasks of compilation were the topic of extensive study because the Fifties. This booklet isn't really meant to be a cookbook for compilers, as an alternative the authors' presentation displays the distinct features of compiler layout, specifically the lifestyles of targeted necessities of the subtasks. They make investments attempt to appreciate those accurately and to supply sufficient strategies for his or her systematic remedy. this is often the 1st booklet in a multivolume set, and the following the authors describe what a compiler does, i.e., what correspondence it establishes among a resource and a objective application. to accomplish this the authors specify an appropriate digital laptop (abstract laptop) and precisely describe the compilation of courses of every resource language into the language of the linked digital computing device for an vital, practical, good judgment and object-oriented programming language. This booklet is meant for college students of desktop technology. wisdom of not less than one central programming language is thought, whereas for the chapters at the translation of useful and good judgment programming languages it'd be beneficial to understand a latest sensible language and Prolog. The e-book is supported all through with examples, workouts and software fragments.
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Extra resources for Compiler Design: Virtual Machines
Sample text
In any case, further data structures are required by the run-time system for this purpose. Their administration increases the cost of calls to the functions malloc or free. In our minimal compiler, we follow a different strategy: we ignore releases of memory. This implementation strategy is obviously correct. If it is not necessarily 32 2 Imperative Programming Languages free Fig. 22. t. consumption of memory space, it is at least simple. 9 Functions As a preparation for the translation of functions, we briefly recall the related concepts, terms, and problems.
6. 7. 8. The values of the actual parameters must be computed and pushed onto the stack. The old values of registers EP and FP must be pushed onto the stack. The start address of function g must be computed. The return address must be computed and recorded in the corresponding organizational cell. Register FP must be made to point to the top of the new stack frame. Control must proceed to the start address of g. Register EP for the new call must be set to the current value of g. Space must be reserved on the stack for the local variables of g.
Since the indexed pointer expression is an abbreviation for the expression ∗(e1 + e2 ), we obtain: 30 2 Imperative Programming Languages codeL e1 [e2 ] ρ = codeL (∗(e1 + e2 )) ρ = codeR (e1 + e2 ) ρ = codeR e1 ρ codeR e2 ρ loadc |t| mul add It is worth noting that this scheme is consistent with our scheme for array indexing. If the expression e1 defines an array, the L-value of e1 would have been used instead of the R-value as in the case of references. Since for arrays, the L-value and the R-value agree, our compilation scheme can be used both for indexed accesses for references and for arrays.