By Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations, Roberta Wedge, Stuart Bondurant
The future health and fiscal bills of tobacco use in army and veteran populations are excessive. In 2007, the dep. of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the dept of safety (DoD) asked that the Institute of drugs (IOM) make tips about how you can decrease tobacco initiation and inspire cessation in either army and veteran populations. In its 2009 record, battling Tobacco in army and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to avoid tobacco initiation and inspire cessation, either DoD and VA may still enforce entire tobacco-control courses.
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Short-Term Effects of Tobacco Use In addition to the widely acknowledged long-term health consequences of tobacco use such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, tobacco use also adversely affects performance and health on a much shorter time scale. Being tobacco-free is an essential component of physical fitness and provides myriad advantages to military personnel in terms of readiness and performance. In the sections below, the committee considers the performance and short-term health consequences of tobacco use that are of most importance for active-duty military personnel.
Smokers have lower physical-performance capacity than nonsmokers as assessed by scores on the Army physical-training test (running, pushups, and situps) (Zadoo et al. , 1988). , 1968; Frayser, 1974; Hoad and Clay, 1992). , 1974, cited in Dyer, 1986). , 1975). One study found that visual sensitivity improved in smokers after several hours of nonsmoking (Luria and McKay, 1979). Smoking has been strongly associated with accelerated hearing loss during aging. , 2005). , 2005). , 2007). , 2002). Thus, smoking, particularly in combination with noise, which is common in the military, can result in hearing impairment in activeduty personnel.
Examples of effective population-scale policies and interventions include increasing the cost of tobacco products, bans and restrictions on tobacco use, reducing out-of-pocket costs for treatment of tobacco addiction, counteradvertising campaigns, telephone quitlines, and multicomponent smoking-cessation campaigns (VA, 2004). The focus of tobacco control is often different for health-care providers, who deal with nicotine dependence on an individual level. For example, they attempt to help soldiers or veterans who have smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for 10 years to quit.