By Tony Hadland & Hans-Erhard Lessing & Nick Clayton & Gary W. Sanderson
The bicycle ranks as probably the most enduring, most generally used automobiles on the planet, with greater than one thousand million produced in the course of virtually 200 years of biking background. This publication deals an authoritative and complete account of the bicycle's technical and historic evolution, from the earliest velocipedes (invented to fill the necessity for horseless shipping in the course of a scarcity of oats) to glossy racing motorcycles, mountain motorcycles, and recumbents. It lines the bicycle's improvement by way of fabrics, ergonomics, and automobile physics, as performed via inventors, marketers, and manufacturers.
Written by means of top bicycle historians and generously illustrated with historical drawings, designs, and pictures, Bicycle Design describes the major phases within the evolution of the bicycle, starting with the counterintuitive suggestion of balancing on wheels in line, throughout the improvement of tension-spoked wheels, oblique drives (employing levers, pulleys, chains, and chainwheels), and pneumatic tires. The authors research the extra improvement of the bicycle for such particular reasons as racing, portability, and all-terrain use; and so they describe the evolution of bicycle parts together with seats, transmission, brakes, lighting fixtures (at first candle-based), and providers (racks, panniers, saddlebags, baby seats, and sidecars). they give thought to not just commercially profitable designs but additionally advertisement mess ups that pointed easy methods to destiny technological advancements. And they debunk a few myths approximately bicycles -- for instance, the flawed yet often-cited concept that Leonardo sketched a chain-drive motorbike in his notebooks. regardless of the bicycle's lengthy background and mass attraction, its technological background has been missed. This quantity, with its attractive and wide-ranging insurance, fills that hole. it is going to be the start line for all destiny histories of the bicycle.
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Additional resources for Bicycle design : an illustrated history
Example text
Their wooden wheels, held together with iron hoops, were equal in size, each about 27 inches or 675 millimeters in diameter. One early draisine, now preserved at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, weighed only 45 pounds; it was made of well-seasoned ash wood. However, the ergonomic characteristics of a draisine differed considerably from those of a present-day bicycle. ” The difficulty of balancing ruled out the use of indirect propulsion by means of cranks as in Fahrmaschine 2. To make it easier for the rider to put his feet on the ground, the seat was lower than that of a modern bicycle.
It was, however, a defining step toward surmounting the fear of losing balance or losing contact with the ground. Improvement was rapid thereafter, and cycle development has progressed more or less continually to the present day despite periodic bans by the authorities. The situation before the advent of the cranked two-wheeler is hardly documented at all. We don’t know whether draisines and early velocipedes had been in use in Paris, unhampered by any clampdown, since 1818, or whether they had been reinvented in Paris—perhaps because roller skating had become fashionable, or because the young Prince Imperial Napoleon IV had been given a Sawyer quadricycle in 1862 (Lessing 2007).
Press opinion of this event was divided (Kobayashi 1993, 41). ” French craftsmen modified the design of the draisine in a way that had already been demonstrated by an anonymous mechanic at a Frankfurt fair in 1817 (Lessing 2003a, 295). Drais’s front wheel and fork assembly was a separate bogey, pivoted at the front and supported at V elocipedes and T heir Forerunners 21 its rear by a quadrant. It was turned by a steering bar called a Leitstange. That arrangement, common on carriages, was necessitated by the trail for self-alignment of the front wheel.