By David N.-S. Hon, Nobuo Shiraishi
This article information the crucial suggestions and advancements in wooden technology, chemistry and know-how. It comprises new chapters at the chemical synthesis of cellulose and its expertise, maintenance of wooden assets and the conservation of waterlogged wooden.
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Extra resources for Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry, Second Edition Revised and Expanded
Sample text
In the cytoplasm, ordinary cell organelles such as Golgi bodies (Go),rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula (r-ER and S-ER). mitochondria (M), plastids (P), small vesicles (v), ribosomes, microtubules, and so on, are contained in a very narrow cytoplasmic region, although the occurrence of these cell organelles except microtubules between plasma membrane (Pm) and tonoplast (T) is not so abundant during the difl’erentiation of tracheids, wood tibers, or vessel elements. On the contrary, the cytoplasm of differentiating ray and axial parenchyma cells is crowded with many cell organelles.
That is, the cells surrounding a vessel, particularly those directly contacted, become envelope-shaped and are very rich in Golgi bodies, r- and S-ERs, ribosomes, and mitochondria common to cells of active phase. On the other hand, their storage function seems to decay. These vessel-associated parenchyma cells are shown to concern the transportation of materials with vessel lumens [52,53] and also the formation of tyloses or gum that plugs the vessel lumen [55-571. IV. Therefore, cell wallformation is realized by the careful observation of cytoplasm that is undergoing cell wall development.
In the case of tracheids, the enlargement proceeds mainly in the radial direction, whereas enlargement in the tangential and longitudinal directions is very slight. Therefore, it may be appropriate to call this stage the radial enlarging (RE) stage. This fact results in the thinner radial walls of tracheids and the reorientation of cellulose microfibrils that may occur during the extension of the wall. The tracheid in this stage is composed of primary wall similar to the wallof cambial stage (C) cells.