By Cooper Redwine
In 1991, a brand new overseas typical for Fortran was once published which contained standards for a brand new model of the language often called Fortran ninety. It presents for dramatic extensions to past Fortran types. This e-book is a entire instructional to Fortran ninety that is based commonly on quite a few brief, yet whole programming examples to demonstrate the diversities among the recent language and standard Fortran. the writer offers thorough causes of terminology and ideas that have been no longer commonly use earlier than the discharge of the hot typical. Readers are assumed to have a operating wisdom of 1 of the sooner models of Fortran, yet differently no previous wisdom of Fortran ninety is thought.
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Sample text
Referencing Namespaces To reference a var in a different namespace, simply use its fully-qualified name. Exception: Unable to resolve symbol: my-number in this context... other-namespace=> user/my-number 5 Here you first define a var in the default user namespace. Then, you create a new namespace and switch to it. When you try to evaluate my-number, it causes an error—it can’t find it in the current namespace. When you use the fully qualified name, however, it resolves the var and returns the value you originally bound to it.
Mutable, global symbols as part of how your program works are bad news, even though you might be able to get it to run. If you need changeable values as part of your program, global or otherwise, you should always use Clojure’s thread-safe reference types, never redefinition of symbols. That said, there is a very good, appropriate use for redefining existing values: manually updating or changing a program while it is running. It is Clojure’s ability to rebind a symbol that allows you to build or change a program without restarting it.
This can greatly speed development time. It allows developers to see what their code does instantly in the context of an already-running program without any of the overhead of the time needed to stop the program, edit the code, recompile, and start it up again. This organic, bottom-up style of coding soon starts to feel extremely natural, and returning to a static development environment soon feels slow and cumbersome. Compared to other “scripting” languages which also provide real-time evaluation, however, Clojure's on-the-fly capabilities are much more robust.