By Peter C. Meilaender
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Example text
The added population of new migrants increases the demographic pressures on all of a country’s environmental resources. It reduces the amount of natural, undeveloped land remaining, leaving it farther away from many people and more crowded with visitors, as well as threatening plant and animal species which rely upon these habitats. And immigration adds more “automobileusing and toilet-flushing residents,”72 contributing to air and water pollution. Roy Beck, arguing against further immigration into the United States, suggests that the same “plot line” could be applied to “scores of polluted, sick, or threatened natural resources across the country”: (Act 1) Population grows until the natural resource cannot stay healthy.
We have already seen some reasons why this might be the case in our discussion of pull factors. The large immigrant-receiving countries in the Americas—Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States—at one time or another all sought, in various ways, to attract settlers to populate their vast lands, sometimes even actively recruiting them, as was the case in Brazil. 57 Immigrants were not only needed to settle vast stretches of fertile land. Mining, the building of railroads and canals, the growth of ports that accompanied the expansion of shipping, and industrialization all created a demand for labor, and cities swelled with masses of newcomers arriving to satisfy that demand.
29 These citations illustrate the dominant intellectual consensus in favor of a markedly restricted view of state sovereignty over immigration. Given the ubiquity of such views, it is especially important to focus carefully on the case for open (or, in Bader’s phrase, “fairly open”—which is to say, very open) borders, since this argument reveals with particular clarity the assumptions commonly made in scholarly treatments of the subject.