By Eva Hartmann, Poul F. Kjaer (eds.)
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Extra resources for The Evolution of Intermediary Institutions in Europe: From Corporatism to Governance
Example text
But, at the same time, this development does not imply eradication, but merely a marginalisation of previous forms of intermediary institutions. 10 5. Order: The establishment of societal conglomerates through intermediary institutions As already indicated, early forms of corporatism combined religious, political, legal and economic dimensions, among others; neo-corporatism, politics, law, the economy, health and education and contemporary governance institutions, to a large extent, all serve as interfaces between politics, science, law and the economy.
While some commentators subsume all four modes under the general rubric of governance, this term is also used more narrowly for heterarchic co-ordination alone. This institutes negotiation around a longterm consensual project as the basis for both negative and positive co-ordination among inter-dependent actors (cf. Scharpf, 1994). Success requires continued commitment to dialogue to generate and exchange more information (thereby reducing, without ever eliminating, the problem of bounded rationality); to weaken opportunism by locking partners into a range of inter-dependent decisions over short-, medium-, and long-term time horizons; and to build on the inter-dependencies and risks associated with “asset specificity” by encouraging solidarity.
The dominant corporatist projects did not oppose capitalism, which was now consolidated and displayed imperialistic tendencies, but aimed to avoid proletarian revolution and/or domination by foreign capital. The projects called for new forms of interest organisation and/or societal regulation to defuse Bob Jessop 31 social unrest, and for new institutional means and strategies to enhance national competitiveness or compensate for its relative weakness. This sort of corporatism was typically promoted by firms and business associations.