By John Schwarzmantel

After the nice revolutions of 1776 in the United States and 1789 in France, sleek countries started to show political fight as a clash among Left and correct, a spectrum of ideologies together with socialism, liberalism, conservatism, nationalism, and later, communism and fascism, between others. those dominant ideologies mirrored the subjects of business society, robust realms, and the period of sophistication politics.

Today, besides the fact that, a chain of quick social and political alterations have provoked a world-wide problem of ideologies. New expertise threatens the normal social constitution of heavy undefined. elevated globalization demanding situations the sovereignty of the countryside, and sophistication divisions seem much less salient. In gentle of those adjustments, do smooth ideologies have something to assert to us as voters of the area today?

The Age of Ideology analyzes the modern relevance of the most ideologies which were principal to political fight over the last centuries. Believing the postmodern critique of ideologies as insufficient for facing society's difficulties, John Schwarzmantel argues convincingly that political ideologies nonetheless supply crucial organizing frameworks for political debate and action.

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Extra resources for The Age of Ideology: Political Ideologies from the American Revolution to Postmodern Times

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In this category comes the idea of the republic, the tradition of republicanism. This term not only involves a set of political institutions, but also certain ideas of citizenship, participation and indeed democracy, as the republican regime both depends on and inculcates certain virtues in its citizens. The politics of modernity involves as one of its strands the idea of a republic, defined minimally as a public sphere, a set of political institutions inviting citizen participation, and creating and recreating an idea of virtue and republican zeal.

Human beings were learning how to think for themselves, rejecting the guidance imposed from above - though this process of gaining intellectual maturity was compatible with acceptance of the existing law - in the hope that political change would gradually come about. While many strands of the Enlightenment philosophy were politically conservative, or even timid, as in the case of Kant, the American and French Revolutions put into practice the principles of the Enlightenment in this respect: these revolutions proclaimed their task as that of creating a new society, free from the irrationalism that characterised the old order.

The American revolution was nevertheless a central element in the politics of modernity because it represented the first attempt in 46 Enlightenment and Emancipation modern times to 'invent a republic', to realise Enlightenment principles and consciously create a political system based on ideas of individual rights and popular sovereignty, a model of a modern political system for the whole world. The key problem was the way in which the idea of the republic was realised, the conflicting tensions in the project of realising the goal of popular sovereignty.

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The Age of Ideology: Political Ideologies from the American by John Schwarzmantel
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