By J. J. O’Reilly (auth.)
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This frequency domain representation is often called the spectrum of the signal; the various constituent frequency components are the spectral components or spectral lines. It was noted previously that it is common practice to view signals in the time domain using an oscilloscope. It is possible also to view signals in the frequency domain (neglecting phase) using an instrument called a spectrum analyser. Fig. 8 shows an illustrative signal spectrum as displayed on a spectrum analyser. Fig. 8 A frequency domain view of a signal as displayed on a spectrum analyser.
25. 67) XI Note that the fraction of time a signal spends in an interval can never be negative and that the signal always has some finite amplitude, hence: p(x) ~ 0 for all x J~ooP(X) Notions of randomness and probability are at the very heart of the communication process. Prior to receiving a message we are uncertain as to its content: this uncertainty is reduced, ideally to zero, once we receive the message. 68) An alternative interpretation of F(x) < x < x 2) is that it measures the probability that a randomly selected sample of the signal x(t) falls within the interval (x)' x 2).
57 -------, r-----I I I I I I I I I I .. f o Fig. 8 A single sideband signal obtained by filtering a DSB-SC signal. If this signal is passed through a high pass filter which rejects all components IfI < Fe and passes all components IfI > Fe a signal is obtained with spectrum as shown in Fig. 8. This signal corresponds to two contra-rotating phasors atf = ± (Fc + Fm) and may be expressed analytically as y(t) = Ac~m [ exp[-j(wc + wm)t] negative frequency part This is the simplest and perhaps the most widely used of three basic methods for generating SS8-SC signals.