By Eric Tamale, Norman Jones, Idah Pswarayi-Riddihough, World Bank

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A brief discussion of possibilities follows: Species. Where a market exists for a particular species and end product and farmers have either land lying fallow or land that is no longer highly productive for agricultural crops, they can establish single species, exotic or indigenous, that are well adapted. The correct silvicultural techniques and management will be critical for the end product to be competitive. In many instances wood products from particular species are so valuable and in such demand that farmers with high quality sites may profitably plant trees along with their traditional agriculture crops to provide additional income for specific purposes (weddings, burials, and so on).

Support for modern nursery practices and tree improvement programs has been limited. As a result, many projects provide seedlings of poor physical quality and inferior genetic make up, which results in low survival rates and poor quality tree products. Evaluation of the social forestry approach has shown that planting forest trees requires more attention both to the selection of species and of the technologies associated with tree growth. It has also proved that merely planting trees provides only marginal benefits to rural communities and has little effect on environmental problems and forest destruction.

The paper outlines factors that determine farmers' choice of technologies and describes how modern technologies can be more effectively disseminated. Poor interaction between farmers and local technicians and between local technicians and on-station researchers has created serious communication gaps that need to be bridged using social communication strategies such as social action learning, listening, and iterative extension to create dialogue and mutual understanding. Continuous feedback on and refinement of technologies are needed as new information becomes available.

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Technologies related to participatory forestry in tropical by Eric Tamale, Norman Jones, Idah Pswarayi-Riddihough, World
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