By Frank N. Laird
Power regulations impact the form of emergent technological structures, and likewise situation our social, political, and fiscal lives. This ebook demonstrates the problems of taking into account such homes via supplying a old case research that analyzes U.S. renewable power coverage from the top of global struggle II in the course of the strength difficulty of the Seventies. It illuminates the methods ideals and values come to dominate reputable challenge frames and get entrenched in associations.
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IDEAS, NARRATIVES, AND THE NORMATIVE FRAMING OF TECHNOLOGY The conventional understanding of energy policy discussed above rested on a set of institutionalized ideas. Four different concepts framed energy policy in the United States after World War II – two normative goals and two causal or empirical beliefs about the physical and social nature of the energy problem and its relationship to technology and science. Although the policy frame varied over time in its emphasis on each normative value, and in the precise meanings and interpretations that it gave to them, those values were constantly invoked as 24 Before the Energy Crisis the desirable goals of policy by each administration.
Policy makers’ notions of causation influence which solutions they deem plausible. After World War II a single causal story dominated virtually all policy discourse about energy and resources. That story is best demonstrated by some of the early policy narratives in the Truman administration, particularly from the UN Conference in 1949 and the PMPC in 1952. Detlev Bronk, president of the National Research Council, gave one of the opening plenary addresses at the UN Conference: It would be folly not to recognize that the pressures of growing populations and the transformation of the materials of nature into scientifically created products to satisfy the increased wants of man for war and peace are rapidly depleting the world’s resources.
These polices suffer from rampant empirical uncertainty about future technologies and their associated institutions and interests. It is often difficult for protagonists to know how different policies will affect their interests, or even what those interests are. Such policies will, more than usual, exhibit their advocates’ normative social and political commitments and will of necessity construct the future technologies and their place in the world, since that 34 Creating Policy for the Future 35 place is in fact quite uncertain.