By Kathleen J. Hancock
The foreign process is predicated on sovereign equality, but states occasionally decide to cooperate via plutocratic governance preparations, below which individuals of a multilateral accord delegate policymaking to the wealthiest kingdom between them. In 1995, Russia created an financial integration contract utilizing plutocratic structures. Prussia and South Africa led related preparations of their respective areas in the course of previous historic periods. a number of states joined those integration efforts. neighborhood Integration solutions the plutocracy query with a singular concept concentrating on the political survival of the leadership. In narratives laced with kings, diamonds, revolutions, and hyper-nationalism, Hancock lines the tales of these states and their paths to plutocracy.
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Additional resources for Regional Integration: Choosing Plutocracy
Sample text
The people in the forum represent their own governments, not the organization itself. They receive directions from their home governments and ultimately report back to the state. The states, as principals, delegate implementation of their policy decisions to their agents, the international bureaucracies. The states and their representatives reserve significant policy making for themselves. They maintain authority over the bureaucracies, with the ability to hire and fire individuals and to rewrite rules and policies of the integration accord.
Plutocratic Governance Structures Plutocratic structures have been largely overlooked in the trade integration literature as well as in most delegation models used in international relations. Like the other governance forms, the plutocratic system incorporates the principal-agent logic. Rather than delegating to a newly created or existing international organization, the principals delegate to the wealthiest member state. To qualify as a plutocratic structure, member states must delegate legislative or binding adjudicative authority at a minimum, but may well delegate many other common agent tasks, such as implementation, oversight, and data collection.
In a type of integration “arms race,” virtually every world region—regardless of economic development, government type, or culture—boasts of at least a few loosely specified accords. However, for analytical purposes, these accords cannot be lumped into a single category of “integration,” any more than we can combine global integration under the World Trade Organization (WTO), with its 153 members, with small regional accords that can have as few as two members. I argue that before answering the question of why states integrate, analysts need to categorize agreements by depth (shallow to deep), issue area (trade and money), and governance structure (intergovernmental, supranational, and plutocratic).