By C. Michael Smith
Arthropod resistant plants lessen pesticide toxins, alleviate starvation and enhance human meals. Plant Resistance to Arthropods - Molecular and traditional methods synthesizes new information regarding the environmental benefits of plant resistance, transgenic resistance, the molecular bases of resistance, and using molecular markers to map resistance genes. Readers are awarded in-depth descriptions of strategies to quantify resistance, elements affecting resistance expression, and the deployment of resistance genes. New information regarding gene-for-gene interactions among resistant vegetation and arthropod biotypes is mentioned in addition to the hot examples of utilizing arthropod resistant crops in built-in pest administration platforms.
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Extra resources for Plant Resistance to Arthropods: Molecular and Conventional Approaches
Sample text
Much more than cultivars with sparse growth of short trichomes (Hoxie et al. 1975, Papp et al. 1992, Wallace et al. 1974). The pubescent wheat cultivar ‘Vel’ also exhibits antixenosis to adults and larvae of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Roberts et al. 1979). Adult flies lay fewer eggs, egg hatch is reduced, and larval mobility is impaired. Some pubescent wheatt cultivars also have antixenotic effects on R. padi, an important vector of barley yellow dwarf virus (Roberts and Foster 1983), as well as the yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) (Webster et al.
In maize plants, tight-husked ears are resistant to penetration by H. zea, S. oryzae and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Singh et al. 1972, Wiseman et al 1974, Wiseman et al. 1977). 2. Chemical defenses As indicated previously, allelochemicals may act as repellents during the olfactory orientation of an arthropod to a resistant plant or as feeding deterrents or feeding inhibitors when an arthropod tastes a resistant plant. Chapman (1974) suggested the use of the general term feeding inhibitor, due to the great diversity of the types of bioassays conducted and the variety of terms applied to the results of the bioassay of plant allelochemicals.
Cultivars with young red leaves that turned green with maturity were much more susceptible than cultivars with completely green leaves. Reinert et al. (1983) noted a similar preference in oviposition of the larger canna leafroller, Calpodes ethlius (Stoll), for cultivars of Canna spp. with red foliage over cultivars with green foliage. Fiori and Craig (1987) used the color intensity of birch leaf supernatants to determine degrees of resistance in birch, Betula lutea F. , to oviposition by the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusila (Lepeletier).