By John D. Thompson
Plant Evolution within the Mediterranean integrates a various and scattered literature to provide a man-made account of plant evolutionary ecology. The critical subject is differentiation, either between and inside of species within the modern plant life of the Mediterranean basin. This method is constructed via trying to hyperlink inhabitants tactics to species evolution, and through analyzing the adaptation and evolution of ecological functionality within the context of spatial habitat version and nearby heritage. The Mediterranean is a posh geological and climatic historical past and a hugely heterogeneous panorama during which human actions have tremendously transformed neighborhood stipulations and the spatial configuration of habitats. This e-book explores the evolutionary procedures that have formed plant evolution within the context of those significant impacts on plants. The ebook is based round important themes in evolutionary ecology: variety and model. The Mediterranean zone is a hotspot of plant biodiversity, a key component of that is its richness in endemic species. a first-rate query motivating the 1st portion of this e-book issues the function of old elements and spatial environmental version within the evolution of such endemism. The Mediterranean panorama is additionally characterised by means of dramatic adaptations in ecological stipulations, usually over brief distances. A moment concentration is at the ecological and old elements which mediate dispersal, replica, and adaptive trait edition within the Mediterranean mosaic. This available textual content is geared toward scholars and researchers in plant evolutionary biology, ecology, biogeography, inhabitants biology, and systematics. it is going to even be of curiosity to plant scientists and botanical societies around the globe.
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Annual rainfall varies from <500 mm in the south-east to over 2,000 mm at high elevation in the north-west mountain ranges. The richness of the flora of this region is one of the most diverse, for a given area, of the whole Mediterranean region, containing 6,500–7,000 native species, of which ∼1,500 are endemic to the region (Polunin 1980). The arc of Tertiary fold mountains that delimit the southern part of this region contain particularly high rates of endemism (Strid and Papanicolaou 1985). On Crete, which runs 245 km in an east–west direction along this arc, 70% of species are of Mediterranean origin.
5. The depressions where subsidence has occurred against the hardcore of the ancient rocks during Alpine orogeny. They contain the main river valleys (Guadalquivir, Tagus, Ebro, Guadiana, and Duero) whose watersheds drain the peninsula. Flooded with Tertiary deposits these now form low-lying plains. 33 6. The coastal plains, adjacent to and sometimes dissected by coastal mountains. The Iberian peninsula has more than 2,500 km of coastline, however this natural habitat has been decimated by tourist developments.
At various times during this period Crete was a series of 3–5 isolated mountain ranges rather than a single island. The origin of the islands of Crete and Rhodes, on the Tertiary arc of fold mountains that link the Peloponnese peninsula to the mountains of southwest Turkey, around the Aegean margins, is more recent than that of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia (Biju-Duval et al. 1976; Mascle and Rehault 1991). The multitudinous islands in the south and east Aegean have had even more recent connections among each other.