By Roger V. Jean
During this e-book, the various aspects of phyllotaxis are handled in an built-in demeanour. the writer describes a unified thought of phyllotaxis, and offers a mathematical version of plant development in keeping with experimental, anatomical, mobile, physiological, and paleontological observations. The version not just offers a framework for formal analyses of botanical info, but additionally emphasizes the relevance of phyllotaxis to different constructions, reminiscent of crystals, and proteins.
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Extra info for Phyllotaxis: A Systemic Study in Plant Morphogenesis
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1981, Pringle and Blake 1994), and fish (Flecker 1996). Of course, plant species also have dramatic effects on soils and sediments. As early as 1892, Shaler described the profound effect plant roots have on soils. They cause movement of soil, breakup of rocks, addition 2•A Historical Perspective on Ecosystem Engineering of organic compounds, and creation of channels from decaying roots. He also noted that the overturning of trees will bring nutrient-rich subsoil to the surface. Other early studies reported that forest soils had increased air, water, and organic matter content compared to bare unforested regions (Ramann 1897, Hoppe 1898, Albert 1912, Engler 1919), and various mechanisms mediated by root growth were invoked to explain such differences.
So, in general, if we seek causal explanation of abiotic change, including its dynamics, we may often, but not invariably, invoke physical ecosystem engineering, but this does not mean that all the underlying details always require exposure. Clearly, understanding when explicit consideration is de rigueur would be of considerable value, and modeling can do much to help answer this question. Perhaps the easiest answer to the usage question is just to point out where the concept seems to have been useful over the last 12 years.
A. (1991). Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Botanical Review 57:1–32. Fish, D. (1983). Phytotelmata: Flora and fauna. H. P. Lounibos, Eds. Medford, NJ: Plexus, pp. 1–27. S. (1996). Ecosystem engineering by a dominant detritivore in a diverse tropical stream. Ecology 77:1845–1854. W. (2004). Tropical fishes as biological bulldozers: Density effects on resource heterogeneity and species diversity. Ecology 85:2267–2278. , and Pettel, G. (2006). Ecological constraints on Sphagnum bog development: A conceptual model for conservation.