By Morton White
The following, Morton White provides the 1st synoptic view of the main philosophical rules within the Federalist. utilizing the instruments of philosophy and highbrow heritage, White extracts and examines the interlocking conception of data, doctrine of normative ethics, psychology of motivation, or even metaphysics and theology, all of that have been utilized in various levels by way of the founding fathers in protection of the structure.
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Extra info for Philosophy, The Federalist, and the Constitution
Sample text
Because I have been expounding Hume in order to illuminate certain parts of The Federalist, I think that it would be best to sum up those views of Hume that will be most useful when I try to cast some philosophical light on the American document which is my primary concern. (1) The first point to bear in mind is Hume's distinction between reasoning in the demonstrative science of mathematics—which is not in his view experimental or empirical— and reasoning in what he called experimental science—which is based on experience.
Locke realized that in order to construct a demonstrative science of morality, he would have to set forth selfevident or intuitively known primary truths or axioms, and from these, through the use of deduction, derive the principles of morality, which contained the doctrine of natural law as a part. And although he never succeeded in constructing the science of morality he thought possible, he tried to describe what an axiom of such a science would be like. It would have to be a self-evident truth, namely, a truth to which we assent immediately upon hearing the terms that it contains.
10 This contrast between strength and justice was as fundamental in Madison's thinking as it was in Locke's. Madison believed that a society in which natural rights are not safe is not a just society, and he held that the transcendent law of nature and nature's God declares that societies should protect private rights and promote the public good. But how does Madison support this "transcendent law"? Though he does not tell us in The Federalist, I think that he, like Hamilton, would have associated himself with Locke by calling the law of nature and of nature's God a self-evident proposition or one that could be derived from a self-evident proposition.