By William J. Mattson, Jean Levieux, C. Bernard-Dagan
In 1984, a brand new study operating occasion on mechanismsofwoody plant resistance opposed to bugs and pathogens(lUFROS2. 05-06) used to be shaped within the foreign Union ofForestryResearchOrganizations. Thepurposeofthisworkingparty istostimulate and facilitate study development during this areathroughenhancedcommunication between themany researchscientistsscatteredamongthevariouscountriesoftheworld. This quantity istheresultofthe first internationalsymposiumofthisworkingparty, which happened in Orleans. France on August 26-29, 1986. thank you are as a result of Institute Nationalde laRechercheAgronomique, StationdeZoologie, Forestiere, fortheir in strumental half in organizingthis symposium, and to the collage and the Cityof Orleansforgenerousfinancial aid. The intentofthis complaints is to (a) assemble adiverse array ofresearch resultsonthemechanismsofwoodyplantresistanceagainstdifferentkindsofinsects. and(b) to look for threadsofcommonality between those varied plant/insect as sociationstofurtherourfundamental understandingofhowplantsdefendthemselves againstphytophagousorganisms. Theresearchpapersareorganizedintothreemaingroups. Thefirstgroupexamines plant defenses from numerous uncomplicated physiological and ecological issues. the remainder papers, that are generally case studiesofplant resistance opposed to bugs. arecategorizedon the basisofinsect intimacy with host tissues: (a) hugely cellular. unfastened feeders suchas moth larvae andsawflies, and (b)poorlymobile, "attached" or imbeddedfeederssuchasaphids, scales, miners, andbarkbeetles. Eachofthesesections isfurtherorganizedonthebasisofkindoftissueattackedbytheinsects, eitherleaves orstern/shootcortexand vasculartissues. Contents Preface v members IX I. uncomplicated Physiological and Ecological concerns I. DefensiveStrategiesofWoody PlantsAgainst diversified Insect-Feeding Guilds on the subject of Plant Ecological Strategiesand IntimacyofAssociation with bugs W. J. Mattson. R. ok. Lawrence, R. A. Haack, D. A. Herms, and p. J. Charles three 2. in the direction of a UnifiedTheoryofPlant security A. A. Berryman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3lJ three. DefensiveResponsesofTrees inRelationtoTheirCarbon/NutrientBalance J. Tuomi, P. Niemela, F. S. Chapin,1II, J. P. Bryant, andS. Siren fifty seven four. GrowthandDifferentiation.BalanceRelationshipsinPinesAffectTheirRe. sistance to Bark Beetles(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) P. L. Lorio, Jr. seventy three five. SeasonalVariations inEnergySourcesandBiosynthesisofTerpenes in Maritime Pine C. Bernard-Dagan ninety three 6. Terpene Biosynthesis below PathologicalConditions C. Cheniclet, C. Bernard-Dagan, andG.
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Example text
Conversely, we propose that the least diverse and yet most general defensive systems will be employed against insects that are largely free-feeders. These defenses could theoretically be employed against any phytophagous insect because they will be either general behavioral deterrents or physiological deterrents that affect the external sensory and the gut systems. At the behavioral level, how might intimacy of host association affect the evolution of plant defenses? Because "intimates" are either imbedded in or on plants, plants may have greater potential to biochemically and/or physically disrupt the insect's behavioral linkages to the plant.
Phytoalexins and their involvement in plant disease resistance. Iowa State J. of Res. 60: 477-499. Kennedy, G. G. and A. N. Kishiba. 1977. Response of alate melon aphids to resistant and susceptible melon lines. J. Econ. Entomol. 70: 407-410. King, J. P. 1971. Pest susceptibility variation in Lake States jack pine seed sources. st. Paul, MN: North Central Forest Experimental Station. Res. Pap. NC-53. 36 Knapp, A. K. 1986. Ecophysiology of Zigadenus nuttal1i, a toxic spring ephemeral in a warm season grassland: effect of defoliation and fire.
W. Neel, and P. A. Hedin. 1979. A review of host plant resistance of pecan, Carya illinoensis, to Insecta and Acarina. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 25; 251-257. Chapin, F. , III, A. J. Bloom, C. B. Field, and R. H. Waring. 1987. Plant responses to multiple environmental factors. BioScience 37: 49-57. Charles, P. , A. Delphanque, A. Marpeau, C. Bernard-Dagan, and M. Arbez. 1982. Susceptibility of European black pine (Pinus nigra) to the European pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana): variations of susceptibility at the provenance and individual level of pine and the effect of terpene composition.