By Christopher Menzel, Geoff K Waite
Litchi (lychee) and the comparable fruit longan are grown broadly in China and South-East Asia, in addition to in Australia, Florida (USA), Southern Europe and Southern Africa. This ebook represents the single entire, balanced and the world over centred booklet on those fruit. It covers all features of creation, from taxonomy and breeding, to propagation, flowering and fruit set, to illnesses, pests and postharvest garage and processing. Written by means of best scientists from Australia, China, India, Israel, Thailand and the us, the ebook represents the normal paintings on its topic. because the fruit are imported to many built international locations, the e-book can be of curiosity to a large viewers.
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1998) summarized the optimum procedure, and suggested the addition of sulphur dioxide to the syrup to prevent a pink tinge developing, which discoloured the final product. , 1974). However, Wu and Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Canned litchis in Chiang Mai in northern Thailand (photograph courtesy of Christopher Menzel). Canning litchis in Guangdong, southern China. M. Huang et al. 18 flavanone precursor, and the activity of two enzymes (flavanone-3-hydroxylase and dihydroquercetin-4-reductase) involved in the biosynthesis of leucoanthocyanins, leading to higher concentrations of leucocyanidin.
Some cultivars are more erect than others. Trees normally have a thick, straight, short trunk and dark brown-grey bark; however, branches often have V-shaped crotches and are easily broken off by strong winds. The tree produces a number of shoots each year as flushes of growth, either vegetative (summer) or floral (winter). Each vegetative flush comprises several leaves and internodes (Plate 11), while the floral flush is a terminal inflorescence compound dichasium. Successive flushes are separated by quiescent periods, during which the expanded leaves darken and thicken.
5). They possess a cup-shaped calyx with 4–5 short, serrated sepals, but have no petals. Each flower has 6–10 stamens (Plates 14 and 15). Flowers Fig. 3. Litchi shoot with leaves and leaflets (from Costés, 1988). are usually produced from late autumn to early spring, with three types opening in succession on the same panicle. , 1996, 1997; Stern and Gazit, 1998). Type I flowers lack ovules and are functionally male (Male 1 = M1). They have 6–8 stamens, which produce much pollen. Type II flowers are hermaphrodite but function as female with a well-developed pistil (two carpels) and stigma (two-lobed), and 5–8 stamens, which do not dehisce.