By Juergen Kraemer, Jürgen Krämer
The recent version of this ebook presents the present info at the diagnostic strategies and healing ways that might support clinicians optimize take care of ...
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Extra info for Intervertebral disk diseases: causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis
Sample text
In a zerogravity environment. Accordingly, the loss of height under stress is not a linear function of time, but rather an asymptotic approach to a final value. Two-thirds of the loss in height takes place in the first 3 h of the morning. The heavier the individual, the more rapid the loss in height. The exponential shape of the curves shown in Fig. 16 is typical of biological phenomena involving reequilibration at a new set point. Traction of the spine is an amplified form of mechanical stress reduction.
36 Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Involvement of the Intervertebral Disks in Systemic Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4 5 6 Developmental Disturbances Notochord Remnants The regression of the embryonic notochord can be inhibited at any stage of development, giving rise to a wide variety of structural anomalies of the motion segments. A notochord that persists almost in its entirety appears as a cylinder of soft tissue that passes through the entire length of the vertebral body and widens out in the disk space as a fusiform, intervertebral notochordal swelling.
Mild forward bending with decompression of the disk reduces the tension on the capsules to the greatest 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 30 4 General Anatomy, Physiology, and Biomechanics Fig. 20 a–c Loss of height of the intervertebral disk and of the intervertebral joints. a Initial height in neutral position. b Increased axial stress causes fluid outflow, loss of disk height, and increased pressure on the intervertebral joints. c Prolonged reduction of axial stress leads to inflow of fluid to the disk, with a resulting increase in disk height; the intervertebral joint capsule is stretched (put under tension).