By Ulrich M. Löwer
Standards play an important roles in lots of various elements of today’s economic climate. they could outline meanings of semantics, product interfaces, procedure steps, or functionality degrees. Interorganisational criteria are requirements that outline business-related semantics and tactics, that are made available to different firms’ info structures. whereas modular agency types akin to provide chain networks call for such criteria for greater flexibility, XML-based internet providers provide a comparatively new technological platform to enhance such criteria. the advance of entire interorganisational criteria, notwithstanding, is way from being accomplished. This booklet therefore solutions the questions, how interorganisational criteria are constructed and the way diverse actors should still get entangled in it. the writer makes use of actor-network conception to behavior in-depth case stories on ebXML and RosettaNet. whereas researchers will locate new motives for the improvement of interorganisational criteria, managers and managers will enjoy the strategic implications this publication discusses.
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While 47% deal with dyadic IO relationships, 31% are concerned with sets, and 22% with networks. The main research topic areas are the impacts of EDI (57%), its use (38%), and its adoption (21%). Further topics such as power, risk, strategy or trust are special aspects of these three. 176 The applied research methods are surveys (50%), case studies (26%), conceptual work (18%), and phenomenology (5%). Finally, Elgarah et al. (2005) also checked for the underlying theories. While 20% use diffusion of innovation, 16% transaction cost economics, and 7% organisation theory, almost half of the papers do not rely on any well-established theories.
19. 87 See Callon (1986a) and Latour (1987). 88 Latour (1999b) prefers the terms human/non-human to the notion of a subject/objectdichotomy in order to avoid the many discussions of the latter. 89 See Markus/Robey (1988), p. 584. 26 Research Approach to their needs. 90 Markus/Robey (1988) advocate a third causal agency, the emergent perspective. 91 Similarly, „ANT considers both social and technical determinism to be flawed and proposes instead a socio-technical account (…) in which neither social nor technical positions are privileged.
466, including original emphasis and based on Pfeiffer (1992), p. 18. 159 See chapter 4 for the discussion of standards. 160 See Neuburger (1994), p. 22. 3: Order Processing with EDI162 ODETTE for the car industry. 3 illustrates how EDI enables the complete electronic processing of an order between a buyer and a supplier, a logistics provider and two banks. As a result, no manual tasks or physical document exchange are needed, except for the actual transport of the ordered products. The roots of EDI go back to the 1960s.