By Marco Costantino and Paolo Coletti
This e-book presents a whole review of prior and current algorithms forinformation extraction, that have regrettably been scattered between various learn institutes. It therefore provides an entire thought of the researchactivities within the box. It contains uncomplicated algorithms descriptions, which offer the non-expert reader an concept of the most typical recommendations during this box, and references.Professional monetary investors are at the moment crushed with information. Extracting appropriate info is an extended and tough activity, whereas tradingdecisions require fast activities. essentially meant for financialorganizations and company analysts, this publication presents an creation tothe algorithmic strategies to instantly extract the specified info from net information and acquire it in a good dependent shape. It locations emphasis at the ideas of the strategy instead of its numericalimplementation, omitting the mathematical info that may differently imprecise the textual content and attempting to specialise in the benefits and at the difficulties of every strategy. The authors additionally contain many sensible examples with entire references, algorithms for comparable difficulties, that may be necessary within the monetary box, and simple innovations utilized in different informationextraction fields that could be imported to the research of economic information.
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Efficiency is usually quantified in terms of computer resources needed by the program, such as memory and CPU time and it is therefore very difficult to measure as a machine-independent value. Moreover, it should be measured taking into consideration the effectiveness of obtaining the information requested. Effectiveness is usually measured in terms of precision (accuracy) and recall (completeness). tex 27/6/2008 18: 27 Page 38 38 Information Extraction in Finance Precision is mathematical defined as the ratio of the number of retrieved relevant documents to the total number of retrieved documents: precision = number of retrieved relevant items .
Another main disadvantage of most traditional quantitative techniques is that they rely only on statistical analysis of past data, failing whenever new unpredictable events happens. This latter problem is presently a study topic for “complexity economics”, an application of the complexity science theory to economics whose key feature is that agents’ behaviour is modelled individually and not collectively, using inductive rules of thumb for decisions from incomplete information and using mechanism to adapt over time, thus being able to react to unpredictable events.
The second process, suffix stripping, is more complicated. The words involved in the searching process are checked and common suffix are removed from the word, obtaining the stem. g. started is reduced to start). A standard approach to do this is to have a complete list of suffixes and to remove the longest possible one. Unfortunately, suffix stripping can lead to errors in the searching process, and the suffix must be removed taking into account the context. In addition, many words, even if they look equivalent are not, and special algorithms must be used as well as lists of irregular words.