By Myron P. Zalucki (ed.)
Heliothis ("Bull worm") species are one of many significant pests of box plants around the globe, together with sorghum, tomatoes, lettuce, and cotton. Pest difficulties have intensified through the years because the overall region given to agricultural host vegetation has elevated. This accomplished textual content, written by means of skilled researchers, assembles organic and ecological learn recommendations and methods to Heliothis administration: from the elemental query of defining genetic species to amassing, rearing, and sampling concepts for the development of existence tables; the size of predator influence and physiological improvement; the detection and dimension of habit, migration, and diapause; inhabitants genetics and resistance. methods to modelling inhabitants dynamics also are explored. This ebook is meant for starting examine scholars in addition to skilled staff. will probably be a priceless reference for entomologists, inhabitants ecologists, and agronomists thinking about crop protection.
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Additional resources for Heliothis: Research Methods and Prospects
Example text
Wilson catches and local emergence of H. punctigera at Narrabri also suggest migration (Wilson, 1983). When used for these purposes, the qualities required of a trap are similar to those for presence/absence studies. The main difference is the requirement for more frequent trap-servicing in order to differentiate population peaks of immigrants from local moths. Another use of traps in migration studies is their placement in areas where all moths caught should be migrants (see Chapter 10). Sparks, Jackson, and Allen (1975) captured H.
This is because the sodium hypochlorite treatment removes some of the chorion. 25 % sodium hypochlorite. During the immersion for 10 min, the pupae are held in a plastic sieve, and then washed under running tap water. The pupae are then transferred to a wide-neck clear container lined with paper for adult emergence. Larval aggression. Normally, larvae are reared individually, at least during the later instars, to avoid fighting between the insects. Such aggression can lead to damage or death and possible cannibalism.
2. Eggs Eggs can be collected by direct observation of plants only. They are found usually on the terminals, young leaves, buds, flowers, and fruiting bodies in the upper canopy of the plant. Heliothis eggs can be confused easily with the eggs of a number of other such noctuid species as false loopers, but with experience it is reasonably possible to differentiate these reliably. Heliothis eggs are laid singly, are an opaque creamy white-to-yellow (sometimes tinted green), turn grey to black prior to hatching, and do not have blotchy patches of color.