By Daniel Grumiller, Anton Rebhan, Dimitri Vassilevich
This memorial quantity at the paintings of Wolfgang Kummer brings jointly articles dedicated to the heritage of excessive strength physics with specified assurance at the medical options and medical associations, particularly CERN - and the underlying physics concerned. masking contemporary advances and advancements in addition to giving a reminiscent assessment in quickly evolving fields of excessive energy/particle physics, and gravitational physics, the commemorative quantity includes greater than 20 unique invited paper contributions - with the intention to seem for the 1st time in print - from eminent and well known physicists who interacted and collaborated with Wolfgang Kummer, together with Physics Nobel Laureate Jack Steinberger. Wolfgang Kummer was once president of the CERN council from 1985 to 1987, between his a variety of eminent educational and administrative positions which he held in the course of his illustrious occupation. This quantity additionally goals to illustrate and spotlight Wolfgang Kummer's major contribution to the foundational paintings in gauge box idea, particle physics, and quantum gravity, and the large impression resulting in state-of-the-art findings and advances at LHC.
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50,51 Applications of pNRQCD and, more in general, of EFTs for the ultrasoft degrees of freedom of NRQCD have led to a plethora of new results in quarkonium physics (see Refs. 14, 37, 52–55 for some recent reviews) and, in particular, in tt¯ threshold production (see Refs. 56, 57, 66, 67 for the present status of the art). Also QED calculations have remarkably benefitted from the EFT approach and corrections of very high order in perturbation theory have been calculated in the last years for many observables after decades of very slow or no progress.
In Fig. 6, we summarize the hierarchy of EFTs for bound states in QED and, for heavy quarks, in QCD. 6. Outlook The history of non-relativistic bound states in the quantum theory had in the last century a peculiar spiral behaviour. It started with the Schr¨ odinger equation of the hydrogen atom and seemed to have written its ultimate chapter with the Bethe–Salpeter equation in the fifties. However, in face of the enormous difficulties in treating bound states in field theory by means of the Bethe–Salpeter equation, a long journey started in the seventies that took us back to the Schr¨ odinger equation.