By Sands, R. (Eds.)
This publication with 11 chapters explores forestry in an international context. The ebook comprises dialogue at the following subject matters: historical past of human interplay with forests; forests of the area; environmental price of forests; wooden and paper items; bioenergy, cutting edge biomaterials, non-wood wooded area items; wooded area dynamics within the tropics; sustainable woodland administration; forestry and weather switch; plantations for wooden construction with environmental care; social forestry; and overseas woodland coverage. on hand In Print
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Sample text
However, their capacity to degrade was limited by population, technology and transport. The worst period for environmental degradation in the history of the Mediterranean was the late 19th and 20th centuries. The region now supports very large and rapidly increasing human populations. Improved transport and technology have provided access to previously inaccessible forests. Wars aided deforestation in classical times and this was also the case in the 20th century in which the First and Second World Wars were particularly hard on the forests of 24 Italy and Greece.
The restrictions on forest use in Germany had a profound flow-on effect on political and socioeconomic thought. Karl Marx’s path to socialism began with his concern over the laws relating to the theft of wood from the German forests. The fate of the forests England was extensively deforested by the Romans and therefore the availability of agricultural land has not been a major issue since. In continental Europe, however, clearing forest for agricultural land was a major cause of deforestation after the Middle Ages.
Olives (Olea europaea) were cultivated and elm and poplar were planted as fodder trees. At the end of the 6th century bc, timber was readily available and most of it would have been used for fuel. Also the Athenian navy was small at this time, having fewer than 100 ships (Meiggs, 1982). The situation changed from the beginning of the 5th century bc. Persia controlled the forests of most of northern Greece and all of Asia Minor and was particularly concerned with denying Athens access to shipbuilding timbers.