By Dieter Fensel; et al
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For instance, the concept Person is more general than Student. 2 shows an example “is-a” hierarchy (or taxonomy), where the more general concepts are located above the more specialized concepts. Concepts describe a set of objects in the real world. For example, the concept PhD-Student aims to capture all existing PhD students. One such PhD student is Mary, who is modeled in Fig. 2 as a box, and has an instanceof relation to the concept PhD-Student. This instance-of relationship means that the actual object is captured by the concept PhD-Student.
Fig. 5. RDFS ontology of persons and working group members RDF(S) (referring to the combination of RDF and RDF Schema) is not very expressive compared with many other ontology languages, as it allows only the representation of concepts, concept taxonomies, and binary relations. The expressive limitations of RDF(S) were a major motivation for developing more expressive languages for the Semantic Web. In the remainder of this chapter, we describe the ontology and rules components which are layered on top of RDF(S).
When a SOAP message is sent over HTTP, basically just an HTTP header is added to the SOAP envelope. In this way, SOAP can leverage the infrastructure that is already in place for the underlying protocol. Thus, the problems with firewalls and Internet routers that occur when using traditional Remote Procedure Calls are eliminated. 2. 2 shows a typical header that is used when a SOAP message is sent over HTTP. Only the header is dependent on the actual transport protocol used; the SOAP messages transferred do not need to change for different protocols.