By R. Gilbert
From the 16th century to the eighteenth century, hermaphrodites have been mentioned and depicted in a number of inventive, mythological, medical and erotic contexts. Early smooth Hermaphrodites appears at a few of these representations to discover the tales they inform approximately ambiguous intercourse and gender in early glossy England. Gilbert examines the usually contradictory ways that hermaphrodites have been represented as either religious beliefs and sexual grotesques; as freaks, erotic items and clinical curiosities' and as literary metaphors and symptoms of social decay.
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Extra resources for Early Modern Hermaphrodites: Sex and Other Stories
Sample text
28). Such accounts were clearly drawing from certain culturally encoded expectations that were based in assumptions about gender rather than biology. Words that carry the weight of gender conventions such as ‘robust’ and ‘effeminate’, ‘bold’ and ‘fearful’ show that neither sex nor gender were necessarily fixed and both were always open to interpretation. However, the Hippocratic/Galenic model, although popular in Renaissance theorizations of sexual difference, was interspersed with a very divergent Aristotelian tradition.
Nevertheless, authenticity was not the primary issue. 434). The point of such treatises was not to accurately record cases of actual embodied deformity but more to supply a vocabulary that could be used to articulate physical, moral and metaphysical human differences. Even within discourses of monstrous births, the representation of hermaphroditism was, more often than not, based on an idea rather than a material reality. Monstrous hermaphroditism signalled more than that which was manifest in the body.
If, as this chapter has argued, sexual ambiguity was not easily expressed, would medical and legal discourses be any more successful in either defining or containing hermaphroditism? 2 Telling the Truth of Sex: the Hermaphrodite in Biology and Law What, but Ignorance or Superstition, could persuade Men to imagine, that poor human Creatures (which were only distorted in some particular Part, or had any thing unusual appearing about them, from some morbid cause affecting them, either in the Uterus, or after their Births) were Prodigies or Monsters in Nature?