By Piet Strydom
By means of heavily studying the contributions of such theorists as extra, Hobbes, Vico, Montesquieu, Ferguson and Millar to the emergence of sociology in its unique shape, Piet Strydom follows the discursive development of sociology within the context of the society-wide early smooth sensible discourse approximately violence and rights. Parallels with the 19th- and twentieth-century discourse on poverty and justice and the modern discourse of threat and accountability let the writer to mirror not just at the new release of data via discourse but in addition at the position that sociology itself performs during this approach.
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Extra resources for Discourse and Knowledge: The Making of Enlightenment Sociology (Liverpool University Press - Studies in European Regional Cultures)
Example text
Michel Foucault Foucault’s employment of the concept of discourse dates from the first of the three phases of his intellectual development, his quasi-structuralist ‘archaeological’ 35 LUP/Stryd/2 35 16/10/00, 1:53 pm Theory of Discourse and Discourse Analysis phase. During this phase, based on a critique of the subject-centred human sciences, he investigated social forms of knowledge as autonomous cultural textual structures. His central idea was the linguistic nominalist one according to which ‘things attain to existence only in so far as they are able to form the elements of a signifying system’ (Foucault 1970, 328).
The substantive correlate of his archaeological method was represented by what he significantly called ‘discourse’ in the sense of an autonomous, rule-governed, signifying system which organises social practices and historical epochs (Dreyfus and Rabinow 1982, xx; Honneth 1991, 136–37; Rabinow 1987, 9–10; Hoy 1987, 4–5), for instance, the discourse of the modern period in his sense of ‘the Age of Man’ beginning with Kant (Foucault 1970), or the discourse of the human sciences (Foucault 1972). By contrast with the nominalistic and idealistic tendencies of his first phase, however, Foucault’s ‘genealogical’ phase is characterised by a certain distancing from structuralism under the influence of the late nineteenth-century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and the development instead of what some commentators call a ‘post-structuralist’ position (Hoy 1987, 4; Dreyfus and Rabinow 1982, xxi).
The critical shift that occurred here from monarchical to popular sovereignty, from religion to politics and from hagiography to reason is considered in terms of the efflorescence of rights theories and the establishment of the rights frame. The exposition of the rights frame is of central theoretical significance in this chapter. Its structuring effect accounts for both identity formation and collective mobilisation against the ancien régime in Holland, England, the North American Colonies and France.