By Jason Wittenberg
This booklet investigates one of many oldest paradoxes in political technology: why do mass political loyalties persist even amid lengthy social upheaval and disruptive monetary improvement. Drawing on huge archival study and an unique database of election effects, this ebook explores the anomaly of political patience by means of interpreting Hungary's frequently tortuous direction from pre- to post-communism. Wittenberg reframes the theoretical debate, after which demonstrates how regardless of the numerous depredations of communism, the Roman Catholic and Calvinist church buildings transmitted loyalties to events of the perfect. opposite to traditional knowledge, Church resistance happened now not from above, yet from lower than. Hemmed in and stressed via communist social gathering cadres, parish clergymen and pastors hired a number of creative strategies to make sure the continuing survival of neighborhood church associations. those associations insulated their adherents from pressures to assimilate into the encompassing socialist milieu. eventually this resulted in political continuity among pre- and post-communism.
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Extra info for Crucibles of Political Loyalty: Church Institutions and Electoral Continuity in Hungary
Example text
Such congruence is particularly unlikely in redemocratizing communist countries. The communist regimes initiated and oversaw massive industrialization, urbanization, and social upheaval. 13 11 12 13 This leaves out the regime’s own networks, which presumably benefit favorably from government largesse. Such networks are important because the loyalties they engender reemerge in the postauthoritarian period and influence the partisan balance in society. This is abundantly clear in parts of postcommunist Eastern Europe, where socialist and social democratic parties enjoy stature and support they rarely enjoyed in precommunist times.
The formal return of parliamentary democracy and the resurrection of old political roles made historical comparisons virtually inevitable. In Poland, Lech Wale¸sa was compared to the much revered interwar commander and Head of State Marshal Pilsudski. In Czechoslovakia, V´aclav Havel was likened to the interwar philosopher ´ and Czechoslovak president Tomaˇs Masaryk. Jozsef Antall, the new prime minister of Hungary, was seen by some as continuing the legacy of Ferenc De´ak, hero of 1848. 21 Negating communism was indeed the order of the day.
Chapter 4 employs primary source materials to document how the battle for popular allegiance played out at the local level in the years leading up to the aborted 1956 revolution. It describes both Stalinist repression and the strategies the clergy used to maintain local church institutions. Using data from registration for religious instruction in the schools, it shows that while the Party had made inroads into the Churches, it could by no means declare victory. Chapter 5 chronicles the variegated strategies the clergy employed to sustain local churches in the years after 1956.