By Avram H. Mack
The scientific guide for therapy of Alcoholism and Addictions offers a concise evaluation of dependancy remedy concerns correct to clinicians who're enthusiastic about the care of sufferers with substance use problems. This scientific handbook consolidates a wealth of knowledge into one easy-to-read advisor. as well as masking particular addictive elements intimately together with epidemiology, presentation, and prognosis, in addition to polysubstance abuse and psychiatric comorbidity, the guide additionally addresses underlying matters regarding particular sufferer populations, reminiscent of youngsters and teens, seniors, and the mentally and bodily handicapped. With their big effect on our tradition and society, substance use problems may perhaps turn into one of many major demanding situations for psychiatry within the twenty-first century. The medical handbook for remedy of Alcoholism and Addictions is a useful instrument for informing clinicians concerning the large choice of therapies on hand to assist their sufferers who fight with substance abuse difficulties.
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Q J Stud Alcohol 1:110–181, 1940 Leshner AI: Addiction is a brain disease and it matters. Science 278:45–47, 1997 Leshner AI, Koob GF: Drugs of abuse and the brain. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 111:99– 108, 1999 Liu IC, Blacker DL, Zu R, et al: Genetic and environmental contributions to the development of alcohol dependence in male twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:897– 903, 2004 Maes HH, Sullivan PF, Bulik CM, et al: A twin study of genetic and environmental influences on tobacco initiation, regular tobacco use, and nicotine dependence.
A greater understanding of genetics could lead to better efforts at prevention, and understanding of the pathogenesis of addiction could lead to new treatments. These findings are not limited to alcohol. The literature includes data about the moderate genetic impact on most cannabis use, which is seen as stronger at more severe levels of use (Hopfer et al. 2003). And, there is an increased interest in genetic influences on nicotine dependence—but the impact on initiation and regular use are higher than they are for the diagnosis of nicotine dependence (Maes et al.
8% who smoked tobacco in pipes (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2008b). 1 million adolescents. 2%) had used cigars. 4% in 2007 (Johnston et al. 2008). 4% among those ages 14–15 years. 5% among young adults ages 21–25 years. 6% in 1994 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2009b). 4%) (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2009b). 0%). 5%) (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2008b). In general, use of tobacco products has decreased in the past decades.