By Bibiana Law, I. Edward Alcamo
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Additional resources for Campylobacteriosis (Deadly Diseases and Epidemics)
Example text
The bacteria can come from the feces of any of the animals that live in the barn. Keep in mind that these animals need not be ill or show any symptoms of illness in order to shed pathogens in their feces. However, Campylobacter organisms are microaerophilic, too sensitive to air to survive in aerosols and, therefore, unless the farmer swallows some of the aerosols, is unlikely that Campylobacter will be transmitted in this fashion. Contact With the Skin We can come in contact with bacteria through our skin.
Gram-positive bacteria retain the blue color because they have much thicker cell walls consisting of up to 90% peptidoglycan, which is a polymer of sugar derivatives that help retain the blue stain. Gram-negative bacteria stain pinkish red because their cell wall consists of only approximately 10% peptidoglycan and is a thinner structure with distinct layers. Thus, alcohol can penetrate and wash out the crystal violet prior to staining with safranin. Campylobacter organisms are Gram-negative. The Gram stain reflects the differences in the structural properties of bacteria and allows us to assign certain characteristics to certain bacteria.
Some resident bacteria can make and secrete antibacterial products to deter the incoming bacteria. In addition, the oxygen level of the intestinal tract is very low since 97% of resident microflora are strict anaerobes, requiring no oxygen. The atmosphere of our intestinal tract is mostly anaerobic, with tiny pockets of air containing little oxygen. Aerobic bacteria, which require oxygen, have great difficulty competing with these anaerobes. Campylobacter are microaerophilic, so they are able to survive in the small pockets of the intestine that contain some oxygen.