By Mats Lindroos
The beta-beam proposal for the iteration of electron neutrino beams used to be first proposed through Piero Zucchelli in 2002. the belief created really a stir, demanding the concept extreme neutrino beams purely should be made out of the decay of pions or muons in classical neutrino beams amenities or in destiny neutrino factories. the concept that firstly struggled to make an impression however the labor via many computing device physicists, phenomenologists and theoreticians during the last 5 years has gained the beta-beam a well-earned place as one of many frontrunners for a potential destiny global laboratory for top depth neutrino oscillation physics. this can be the 1st entire monograph at the beta-beam suggestion. The e-book describes either technical points and experimental elements of the beta-beam, supplying: scholars and scientists with an perception into the probabilities provided through beta-beams; facility designers with a kick off point for destiny reviews; and, coverage makers with a entire photo of the bounds and percentages provided through a beta-beam.
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3 Estimates made by the authors for the production rate per second in the target of a few isotopes of interest for beta beams. Note that the references are to the methods rather than to the production limits. 4 Ion Transfer, Ionization and Bunching The ions produced in a thick ISOL target has to be collected and ionized before they can be accelerated. As explained in the previous section the target is heated to a temperature above the “boiling point” of the element 40 Accelerated Generated Neutrino Beams: Beta Beams to be extracted and is collected as a neutral gas which will effuse out of the target container, through a transfer line and into an ion source.
9) 22 Accelerated Generated Neutrino Beams: Beta Beams where • σν (Eν ) is the cross section of ν • νe (Eν ) is the detection efficiency of electron neutrinos • Pνµ νe (Eν ), Pνµ νµ (Eν ) are oscillation probabilities • ηN C(CC) (Eν ) is the detection efficiency of backgrounds from NC (CC) νµ interactions. • Φνµ (Eν ) is the νµ flux at the detector • Φνe (Eν ) is the νe flux at the detector • Cross section and fluxes are not known to better than 5%. 10) where the background efficiencies ηN C(CC) (Eν ) are not necessarily the same as the far detector, and more important the neutrino fluxes Φνµ (Eν ) and Φνe (Eν ) are not the same as the far detector.
Both detectors need some overburden to reduce the cosmic muon flux to an acceptable level. 16 Accelerated Generated Neutrino Beams: Beta Beams The Double Chooz experiment, the follow-up to CHOOZ, will employ a far detector in the same location as the former CHOOZ detector as well as a near detector. Both detectors need some overburden to reduce the cosmic muon flux to an acceptable level. The advantage of Double Chooz is that it will use an existing cavern for the far detector, which puts it ahead of any other reactor experiment.