By Florence Tamagne
The interval among the 2 international wars was once an important within the heritage of homosexuality in Europe. It was once then that homosexuality first got here out into the sunshine of day. Charting the early days of the gay and lesbian scene, Florence Tamagne strains the several developments in Germany, England and France within the interval major as much as the cataclysm of worldwide struggle II and offers vital history to any figuring out of the later occasions. during this 2-volume scholarly treatise the writer weaves jointly cultural references from literature, songs and theater, information tales and personal correspondence, police and executive files to offer a rounded photograph of the evolving scene.Tolerance for homosexuality diverse tendencies in Germany, England and France within the interval prime as much as the warfare. Tamagne's paintings outlines the lengthy and laborious trip from the shadows towards acceptability because the gay and lesbian group reveals a brand new legitimacy at a number of degrees of society. quantity I introduces the 1st glimmerings of that new openness and explores the scenes in 3 very diverse towns. Berlin grew to become the capital of the recent tradition and the heart of a political flow looking rights and protections for what we now name gays and lesbians. In England, the fight used to be brisk to undermine the constructions and strictures of Victorianism; while in France (which used to be extra tolerant, overall), homosexuality remained extra refined and nonmilitant.Volume I introduces the 1st glimmerings of tolerance for homosexuality round the flip of the final century, fast squelched via the trial of Oscar Wilde which despatched a sit back through the cosmopolitan facilities of the realm. simply crawling out from below the Victorian blanket, Europe was once devastated via a ugly battle that fed on the flower of its early life. Then, within the aftermath of worldwide struggle I, various components got here jointly to forge a weather that used to be extra permissive and open. Tamagne dissects the strands of euphoria, uprising, exploration, nostalgia and craving, and the bonds cast in class and at the battlefront. The Roaring Twenties are often noticeable, looking back, as having been a golden age for homosexuals and lesbians; and the literary output of the period indicates why.However, the social and political backlash quickly grew to become obvious, firstly in Germany. (Volume 2, ISBN 0-87586-278-0, specializes in the decline, and the counter-trend, from 1933 to 1939.) Repression arrested the evolution of the hot mores, and it used to be no longer till the Sixties that the wave of liberation may once more sweep the continent.
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Additional info for History of Homosexuality in Europe: Berlin, London, Paris 1919-1939 Volume I
Example text
Then there were the civilian casualties : some 570,000 died as a rsult of the evacuation, occupation, bombings, the higher infant mortality rate and the epidemic of Spanish flu. 51. Nevertheless, not all the war veterans and victims participated in the movement. At its apogee, in 1930-1932, it had about 3 million members. 34 A Myth is Born: Those Flamboyant Days a rise in the marriage rate. Widows were seen in two possible ways: ideally, they should hide away in their sorrow, faithful beyond death to “the dear departed,” and devoted to the children.
There were other alternatives in circulation as well, such as “to be musical,” for example. Homosexuals called themselves by terms with pejorative overtones that also spread throughout the general public, like pansies, poofs (tantes) or Nancy boys (tapettes, queer). 67 The terms “butch” and “fem” came later. Homosexual slang (parlare) extended to many situations. Of course, it was used to indicate sexual practices of a range and variety that would be impossible to list completely. 68 Plain-sewing meant mutual masturbation; it was a contemporary term in homosexual slang borrowed from the navy, just like “Princeton-first-year,” which indicated coitus contra ventrem.
She was soon receiving the best society and attracted many writers, in particular Proust. An American by birth, she was well acquainted with the Anglo-Saxon world. A friend of Henry James, she brought Oscar Wilde and Lord Douglas to the attention of the Parisian elite. They created a sensation. ) Their flamboyant homosexuality made quite an impression and created the appearance of a new tolerance. Sapphic love affairs were the fashion of the day, especially in high society. The countess d’Orsay, Princess Violette Murat, the Duchesse de ClermondThunder, princess Catherine Poniatowska, Countess Van Zuylen and, of course, Princess de Polignac herself were leading examples.