By William Critchley, John Gowing
Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa is restricted via hugely variable rainfall, common drought and coffee water productiveness. there's an pressing want, heightened via weather swap, for acceptable applied sciences to handle this challenge via dealing with and lengthening the volume of water on farmers’ fields – water harvesting. This booklet defines water harvesting as a collection of techniques which occupy an intermediate place alongside the water-management spectrum extending from in situ moisture conservation to irrigated agriculture. they often include small-scale platforms that result in, gather, shop and utilize neighborhood floor runoff for agriculture. The authors assessment improvement adventure and set out the state-of-the-art of water harvesting for crop construction and different merits in Sub-Saharan Africa. This contains an review of water harvesting schemes that have been initiated or 3 many years in the past while curiosity was once encouraged by way of the droughts of the Nineteen Seventies and Eighties. those offer classes to advertise sustainable improvement of dryland agriculture within the face of fixing environmental stipulations. Case reports from 8 international locations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa give you the facts base. every one follows an identical layout and relies on exams carried out in collaboration with in-country companions, with a spotlight on makes an attempt to advertise adoption of water harvesting, either horizontally (spread) and vertically (institutionalization). Introductory cross-cutting chapters in addition to an analytical end also are integrated.
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Extra resources for Water Harvesting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Example text
It would be wider still if other uses of harvested water beyond plant production were to be included, such as water supply for domestic purposes and livestock. Definition and classification For the purposes of simplicity and consistency, the definition for water harvesting used here is based on that proposed by Critchley and Siegert (1991), namely ‘the collection of runoff for its productive use’ (p. 4). ’ The basic components of a water harvesting system that is dedicated to plant production are (i) a catchment area, (ii) a concentration area, and (iii) a cultivated area.
W. , Scherr, S. J. and Sombatpanit, S. (2001) (eds) Response to Land Degradation, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. Briggs, D. J. (1986) ‘Runoff farming in rural arid lands’, an Applied Geography ‘theme’ volume, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 5–81. Chambers, R. (1983) Rural Development: putting the poor first, Longman, London. Critchley, W. R. S. C. Critchley, W. R. S. (1991) Looking After Our Land – Soil and Water Conservation in Dryland Africa, Oxfam Publications, UK. Critchley, W. (1999) ‘Food-for-work and rainwater harvesting: Experience from Turkana District, Kenya in the 1980s’, in: D.
2009) who do assess water harvesting at community level, and indicate that group approaches can generate higher overall impacts when implemented well. Water harvesting technologies and their impacts The water harvesting technologies most commonly described in the literature are zaï (planting pits in Burkina Faso’s Moré language; tassa in Niger’s Hausa), stone 36 Jetske Bouma, William Critchley and Jennie Barron lines, demi-lunes, household ponds and small reservoirs, permeable rock dams and spate irrigation/floodwater harvesting, and combinations with agronomic measures including contour ploughing and manuring.