By Melvyn F. Askew (auth.), Gad Loebenstein, Philip H. Berger, Alan A. Brunt, Roger H. Lawson (eds.)
Potatoes, an important vegetatively-propagated crop, has been heavily associated with plant virus examine over the last eight a long time simply because, with out their potent regulate potato viruses may cause huge losses of crop caliber and yield. Such study has ended in marked advances in prognosis, from really easy organic and serological checks to electron microscopy, refined serological techniques and, extra lately, using polymerase chain response (PCR) and nucleic acid hybridization tools. linked tissue tradition learn prior to now 40 years or so has led to the profitable construction of virus-free vegetation from potato cultivars that have been completely contaminated. however, in lots of nations the excessive prevalence of virus an infection nonetheless motives huge yield losses. as a result of their value, potato viruses have additionally lengthy been very important topics for study; a lot is hence referred to now approximately their intrinsic organic and physico-chemical homes, genomes, gene features, virus-vector relationships (including particular websites of interplay among viral coat protein and the vector) and their capability as automobiles for transformation.
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Extra info for Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed-Potatoes
Sample text
They reported that average yields have increased by 25% in the period 1961 to 1987. World potato production stands at an estimated 295 million tonnes for the year 1999. Of this, some 33'14 million tonnes was of seed tubers. 3. 1. Economic Importance if the Potato. 1 :The Potato Crop Statistical data of regions and typical countries (adapted from CIP 1998). Projected population in the year 2000 (millions) As10 Chma Indo a Iran Bangladesh Afnca Egypt South Africa Algeria Malawi La /In Amenca Columbo a Brazil Peru Argentina 1,225 1,022 68 120 Eurasro Russian Federation WORLD 20 27 30 Rank of importance Area (000 ha) Production (000 t) Yield (tlba) or potato vs.
In the Netherlands, 'seed' of213 cultivars were produced in 1996, but many of these new releases have never reached market acceptance. 1. 7 *Grown mainly in Western and Northern Europe **Exported to Europe, Mediterranean countries and South America 32 H D. Rabinowitch and D. 1 Breeding procedures Molecular mapping and recent developments of molecular markers have enhanced marker-assisted selection (MAS), especially by helping identify alleles closely linked to genes conferring resistance to pests and diseases.
3 - Sprouted seed tuber. Fig. 4 - Secondary growth and malformation of tubers. 25 Biology and Physiology of the Potato slows down water loss. The main exchange of gases and water occurs through the numerous lenticels. When tubers develop under excessively wet conditions, the lenticels grow large and open up, thus facilitating infection with damaging microorganisms and loss of moisture. Wounded tubers are prone to rapid water loss and easy penetration of biotic and abiotic damaging agents and thus must be protected.