By Erkki Koskenniemi
Erkki Koskenniemi analyzes an important early Jewish texts, which characteristic miracles to humans pointed out within the outdated testomony. He investigates the miracles of Moses, Elijah and Elisha, but additionally, for instance, the extra-biblical deeds of fellows like Abraham, David and Solomon. the writer appears to be like on the improvement of the conventional parts of the miracle tales and the theological intentions of each author who offers with those tales. The Jewish culture of miracle-workers is wealthy and multifaceted. there has been no rule that the biblical tales could be retold as they have been written. Miracles may perhaps therefore be hooked up with types of historiography or perhaps, in a single case, with a tragedy, which was once an imitation of Aeschylus' nice paintings. It did not take lengthy for the growing to be culture to improve new colours and hues for the previous tales: for instance, the fight with evil powers is enthusiastic about the retold tales. numerous authors additionally was hoping for the repetition of the saving miracles of the prior, particularly of the Exodus, God's assist in the wasteland and the nice deeds of Elijah. The research of this wealthy culture is helping us to raised comprehend the early Jewish trust in addition to the early Christian global.
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Additional resources for Old Testament Miracle-workers in Early Judaism
Example text
Joshua's and Elijah's miracles were a decisive part of their mission, a manifestation of God's power and presence. Moses did not need a legitimi sation in The Wisdom of Ben Sira, but the function of his miracles is simi lar to that of the mighty deeds of Joshua and Elijah. The miracles and the prophecy build a unity: VWOL K : U vnnnoi "ODD K^D] vb 121 (Sir 48:13). 112 113 114 1 1 5 112 Stadelmann 1980, 200-201. 215. Snaith observes that Ben Sira ignores Amos and Hosea, apparently because he used the books of Kings (Snaith 1974, 242).
Admittedly Asa is criticised in 2 Chr 16:12 for seeking help from the physicians and not from God, and 1 En. 7:1 considers magical medicine as something taught to men by the Watchers. Common sense, however, tells us that these passages are not the entire truth: Men were ill and also treated in the Old Testament times. According to Exod 21:18-19, a man hitting another has to pay the costs ( K S T asm p TOSD p-i) and "Elijahu, the physician" is mentioned in a seal from the late seventh or early sixth cen tury.
The Septuagint follows the Hebrew original very faithfully and does not help to clarify Ben Sira's passage. On a detailed comparison between the Hebrew text and LXX see below p. 272. Ben Sira's summary of Elisha's life is interesting. As in 2 Kgs the mira cles form the main part of his depiction. The words in 2 Kgs 2:9 are inter preted to mean that Elisha doubled the miracles his forerunner made ( w r n ^ "jrrna o^bmb / Yevvrj0r)Tco 5rj SiirAd ev m/euijcm oou ett' e|je). Elisha's role is by no means diminished here.
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