By Giovanni Arrighi

Winner of the yankee Sociological organization PEWS Award (1995) for exclusive Scholarship The lengthy 20th Century strains the epochal shifts within the dating among capital accumulation and nation formation over a 700-year interval. Giovanni Arrighi masterfully synthesizes social thought, comparative heritage and historic narrative during this account of the constructions and organisations that have formed the process global background over the millennium. Borrowing from Braudel, Arrighi argues that the historical past of capitalism has opened up as a succession of "long centuries" -- a while within which a hegemonic energy deploying a singular blend of monetary and political networks secured regulate over an increasing world-economic house. The modest beginnings, upward push and violent unravel-ing of the hyperlinks cast among capital, country strength, and geopolitics by means of hegemonic sessions and states are explored with dramatic depth. From this attitude, Arrighi explains the altering fortunes of Florentine, Venetian, Genoese, Dutch, English, and eventually American capitalism. The booklet concludes with an exam of the forces that have formed and are actually poised to undermine America's international energy.

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Confino, M. N. R. Graubard (eds), Intellectuals and Traditions, New York: Humanities Press. Dickstein, M. (1992) Double Agent: The Critic and Society, New York: Oxford University Press. Dominelli, L. K. ), Knowledge and Power: The Changing Role of European Intellectuals, Aldershot: Avebury. Eyerman, R. (1994) Between Culture and Politics: Intellectuals in Modern Society, Cambridge: Polity Press. G. and Soderqvist, T. (1987) “Introduction”, in R. G. Svensson and T. Soderqvist (eds), Intellectuals, Universities, and the State in Western Modern Societies, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Pursuing symbolic power in the intellectual field My examination of relations between intellectuals and the state begins with a new characterization of intellectuals as pursuers of symbolic power in the intellectual field. Thus, the act of engaging in intellectual activities in a non-governmental space is regarded as a rational action for intellectuals in achieving their goal. This new characterization is necessary to our study because we should identify who the players are before we can understand the nature of any sociopolitical game.

Partially or fully non-governmental intellectual organizations have been established, and are playing an increasingly important role not only in reshaping the Chinese intellectual world but also in restructuring the relationship between the Party-state and society. These non-governmental intellectual organizations operate in a variety of forms, consisting of research institutes, consulting firms, educational agents, learned societies and the editorial boards of intellectually oriented magazines, journals and book series.

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The Long Twentieth Century by Giovanni Arrighi
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