By John J. Collins
Since they have been first found within the caves at Qumran in 1947, the lifeless Sea Scrolls have aroused extra fascination--and extra controversy--than probably the other archaeological locate. they seem to were hidden within the Judean wilderness via the Essenes, a Jewish sect that existed round the time of Jesus, they usually proceed to motivate veneration and conspiracy theories to at the present time. John Collins tells the tale of the sour conflicts that experience swirled round the scrolls due to the fact their startling discovery, and sheds gentle on their precise value for Jewish and Christian background.
Collins vividly recounts how a Bedouin shepherd went looking for a misplaced goat and located the scrolls as an alternative. He deals perception into debates over even if the Essenes have been an actual Jewish sect and explains why such questions are serious to our realizing of historical Judaism and to Jewish identification. Collins explores even if the scrolls have been certainly the valuables of an remoted, quasi-monastic neighborhood residing at Qumran, or whether or not they extra commonly mirror the Judaism in their time. And he unravels the impassioned disputes surrounding the scrolls and Christianity. Do they count on the early church? Do they undermine the credibility of the Christian religion? Collins additionally seems at makes an attempt to "reclaim" the scrolls for Judaism after the whole corpus turned to be had within the Nineteen Nineties, and at how the decades-long hold up in publishing the scrolls gave upward thrust to sensational claims and conspiracy theories.
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Extra resources for The Dead Sea scrolls : a biography
Sample text
Several Protestant scholars were also recruited at this time. From England came John Allegro and John Strugnell. Allegro had served in the British navy during the war, after which he studied first at Manchester and then at Oxford. He was nominated to the Scrolls team by his Oxford professor, G. R. Driver. Driver also nominated Strugnell, who was only twenty-four when he set out for Jerusalem in 1954. Both Allegro and Strugnell will figure prominently in later chapters, for different reasons. Claus-Hunno Hunzinger, the sole German representative, was not trained in epigraphy and paleography, and eventually withThe Discovery of the Scrolls 17 drew from the team.
For the present, it will be well to reflect on the nature of this huge corpus of manuscripts that had unexpectedly come to light in the decade 1946–1956. A Library in the Wilderness? The contents of this corpus were diverse. Every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther was represented. ) Fragments of previously known non20 Chapter 1 canonical books, such as 1 Enoch and Jubilees, were discovered. Some texts were clearly sectarian, most obviously the rule books (the so-called Manual of Discipline or Community Rule and the Damascus Document) but also other texts such as the Pesharim, which were commentaries that related the prophetic books to the history of sect, the Hodayot or Thanksgiving Hymns, and the War Scroll.
By the mid-1950s, detailed analyses had begun to appear, based mainly on the texts that were available by 1950. These texts were well preserved, easy to read, and promptly published. The trove of fragments recovered from Cave 4, however, was an entirely different matter. Here was a huge quantity of fragments, in an advanced state of decay. In the words of Frank Moore Cross, who was involved in the editorial process from an early point: “Many fragments are so brittle or friable that they can scarcely even be touched with a camel’s-hair brush.