By Ray Spangenburg
Discusses postwar medical breakthroughs, elevated specialization in all technology, and using desktops in examine. unsolved difficulties in technological know-how and the hot questions that come up, this quantity appears to be like at technology throughout the moment 1/2 the 20 th century and asks the query, the place is technological know-how heading within the twenty first century?
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Extra resources for Science Frontiers: 1946 to the Present (History of Science)
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By 1939 they have a 60-inch-diameter cyclotron that can boost particles up to 10 MeV. Soon Lawrence begins planning a 184-inch cyclotron capable of reaching 100 MeV, an unheard-of energy, and a new “synchrocyclotron” version follows, capable of hundreds of MeV. ◗ The first synchrocyclotron is built at Berkeley, California. ◗ A consortium of eastern universities builds the first “synchrotron,” the Brookhaven National Laboratory’s “Cosmotron,” on Long Island, New York. The big machine is capable of delivering more than 1 billion electron volts (1,000 MeV or 1 GeV, for giga electron volts, meaning a billion), later as much as three billion.
This means that, while cyclotrons are limited by the size of magnets we can manufacture, the size of the synchrotron is only limited by the consortium’s finances and the size of the land parcel it is built on. 1946 1952 The Subatomic World 27 1954 ◗ The Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), now called the European Organization for Nuclear Research but still commonly known as CERN, is founded in Geneva, Switzerland. ◗ CERN begins operation of its 25-GeV accelerator. 1959 1965 ◗ The SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) particle accelerator goes into operation in California.
A charged particle passing through the emulsion left a trail of ions that induced a series of black grains to form. From the number and density of the grains, Powell and his colleagues could deduce some of the particle’s characteristics, such as mass and energy. Also, when they looked at the cosmic-ray particle tracks, they found evidence for some that did use the strong force in interacting with atomic nuclei. What is more, their weight was close to the mass predicted by Yukawa—a little heavier than Anderson’s meson.