By National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Safety of Existing Dams
Written by way of civil engineers, dam security officers, dam vendors, geologists, hydraulic engineers, and possibility analysts, this guide is the 1st cooperative try to supply useful recommendations to block difficulties in the monetary constraints confronted via dam vendors. It presents hands-on details for opting for and remedying universal defects in concrete and masonry dams, embankment dams, reservoirs, and similar constructions. it is also methods for tracking dams and accumulating and studying info. Case histories exhibit low-cost ideas to express difficulties.
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Additional info for Safety of existing dams : evaluation and improvement
Example text
Flatten slope; employ broad berms; remove weak material; stabilize soil. Excess water pressure in confined sand or silt seams. Drainage by deep drain trenches with protective filters; relief wells. Steep slope. Flatten slope or employ berm at toe. Weak embankment soil. Increased compaction; better soil. Sudden drawdown of pond. Flatten slope, rock berms; operating rules. Steep slope. Flatten slope or employ berm at toe. Weak soil. Increased compaction; better soil. Loss of soil strength by seepage pressure or saturation by seepage or rainfall.
Loose embankment soil at low cohesion, triggered by shock, vibration, seepage, or foundation movements. Adequate compaction. In several cases heavy rains preceded the slides, and 3 of the slides were known to have occurred in clay foundation layers. In the third embankment dam the concrete intake riser collapsed, with resulting leakage and piping along the conduit barrel. In 3 instances differential settlements damaged spillway structures. In the 12 accidents where ancillary structures were not involved, differential settlement of the embankment led to transverse and/or longitudinal embankment cracks.
Sod, fine riprap; surface drains. Banker reservoir with compacted clay or chemical admix; grout seams, cavities. Use foundation cutoff; grout; upstream blanket. Impervious core. Watertight joints; waterstops; grouting. Page 15 (Table continued from previous page) TABLE 23 Earth Dam Failures Form General Characteristics Seepage erosion or piping Progressive internal erosion of soil from Settlement cracks in dam. '' Often leads to a washout of a section of the dam. (Table continued on next page) Causes Preventive or Corrective Measures Settlement cracks in dam.