By G Altarelli
This quantity stories the physics studied on the Cern proton-antiproton collider in the course of its first part of operation, from the 1st physics run in 1981 to the final one on the finish of 1985.The quantity contains a sequence of assessment articles written by way of physicists who're actively concerned with the collider study application. the 1st article describes the proton-antiproton collider facility itself, together with the antiproton resource and its precept of operation in response to stochastic cooling. the following six articles take care of many of the physics topics studied on the collider. each one article describes intimately the experimental effects on a specific topic, and in addition presents the theoretical framework valuable for his or her interpretation. ultimately the final articles speak about the physics expectancies from the enhanced collider (the so-called Acol software, which has simply begun operation), and likewise from the following iteration of "supercolliders" that are being thought of either in Europe and within the usa the United States.
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3 Estimates made by the authors for the production rate per second in the target of a few isotopes of interest for beta beams. Note that the references are to the methods rather than to the production limits. 4 Ion Transfer, Ionization and Bunching The ions produced in a thick ISOL target has to be collected and ionized before they can be accelerated. As explained in the previous section the target is heated to a temperature above the “boiling point” of the element 40 Accelerated Generated Neutrino Beams: Beta Beams to be extracted and is collected as a neutral gas which will effuse out of the target container, through a transfer line and into an ion source.
9) 22 Accelerated Generated Neutrino Beams: Beta Beams where • σν (Eν ) is the cross section of ν • νe (Eν ) is the detection efficiency of electron neutrinos • Pνµ νe (Eν ), Pνµ νµ (Eν ) are oscillation probabilities • ηN C(CC) (Eν ) is the detection efficiency of backgrounds from NC (CC) νµ interactions. • Φνµ (Eν ) is the νµ flux at the detector • Φνe (Eν ) is the νe flux at the detector • Cross section and fluxes are not known to better than 5%. 10) where the background efficiencies ηN C(CC) (Eν ) are not necessarily the same as the far detector, and more important the neutrino fluxes Φνµ (Eν ) and Φνe (Eν ) are not the same as the far detector.
Both detectors need some overburden to reduce the cosmic muon flux to an acceptable level. 16 Accelerated Generated Neutrino Beams: Beta Beams The Double Chooz experiment, the follow-up to CHOOZ, will employ a far detector in the same location as the former CHOOZ detector as well as a near detector. Both detectors need some overburden to reduce the cosmic muon flux to an acceptable level. The advantage of Double Chooz is that it will use an existing cavern for the far detector, which puts it ahead of any other reactor experiment.