By K.S. Valdiya
This e-book portrays the Himalayan-born River Saraswati, a mythical river that was once the lifeline of a innovative and colourful society for greater than 3 thousand years. Written in easy language and richly illustrated, it highlights the occasions that ended in the robbing of the Saraswati of its water and the tip of a superb tradition. the writer weaves a geological narrative out of a mass of information generated via explorers, archaeologists, sedimentologists, geohydrologist, seismologists and remote-sensing experts. the tale explains how an outstanding Himalayan river disappeared and the way the Harappan Civilization vanished from the banks of the river Saraswati greater than 3 and part thousand years in the past within the wake of tectonic upheavals within the foothills of the Himalaya at a time while the rainfall had greatly declined. And it finds that these days the Saraswati is a rare large water-less channel coursing during the massive yet dry floodplain in western India.
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Extra resources for Prehistoric River Saraswati, Western India: Geological Appraisal and Social Aspects
Example text
2). The well-known traveller and writer Ibu Batutā (1325–1354 CE) was fascinated by the fields of rice and sugarcane in the floodplain of the anomalously wide channel of river that traversed the land from east to west. Prosperous and bustling trade towns like Mārot, Sirsā and Hānsi were situated on the road travelled by explorers, traders and invaders. Fort “Sarsuti” near Sirsā stands high as a mute sentinel of the river that once flowed past this centre of commerce. 4 Portrayal, Identification and Delineation of the River Saraswatī u ROPAR Sh ata dr ar gh ag Gh nd a CHANDIGARH RAJA SIRKAP rka Vip Ma ash Ta m as a 44 BATHINDA i ut rs Sa DHALEWAN ti va ad Dr ish SOTHI FARMANA SISWAL a GANWERI WALI Saraswati R.
4). Some of these sanctuaries hosted āshrams (schools of learning) of the celebrated sages (rishis)—nadi pravāhsamyukta Kurukshetram viveshah, tatrā sā rantukam prāpya punyatoyā Saraswati, Kurukshetram samāplavya prāyātā paschimām disham; Kāmyakam cha vanam punyam tatā Adityavanam maha; Vyāsasya cha vanam punyam Phalakivanameva ch; tatra Suryavanasthanam tathā Madhuvanam mahat; punyam Sheetavanām nām sarvakalmashnāsnam (Vāman Purān, 33, 1,2,4,5). Obviously, west of Kurukshetra the floodplain of the Saraswatī was a forested tract, as is common with the rivers abounding in water round the year.
Drilling has established that the faults recognized on the surface extends to considerable depth (Fig. 8). 6). The embayment is now converted into a Rann, a flat expanse of tidal deposits impregnated and encrusted with marine salts. The Great Rann is the northern part of the Kachchh Basin and is characterized by horst-and-graben structure (Biswas 1987). It was originally a 300 by 200 km rift basin (Kar 1999b; Rastogi 2014). The roughly E–W trending series of faults (Fig. 10) including the Katrol Hill Fault, the Kachchh Mainland Fault, the Vigodi Fault, and the Wagad Fault have fashioned the geomorphology and landscape of Kachchh, including the Rann developed over a depression.